On the Recycling of Water Atomized Powder and the Effects on Properties of L-PBF Processed 4130 Low-Alloy Steel
The microstructure and mechanical properties of a 4130-grade steel processed by L-PBF using a feedstock of low-cost water atomized powder have been investigated considering the effects of powder recycling. Chemical analysis of the recycled powder showed a constant amount of alloying elements with a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/1/336 |
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| author | Marawan Abdelwahed Riccardo Casati Anna Larsson Stefano Petrella Sven Bengtsson Maurizio Vedani |
| author_facet | Marawan Abdelwahed Riccardo Casati Anna Larsson Stefano Petrella Sven Bengtsson Maurizio Vedani |
| author_sort | Marawan Abdelwahed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The microstructure and mechanical properties of a 4130-grade steel processed by L-PBF using a feedstock of low-cost water atomized powder have been investigated considering the effects of powder recycling. Chemical analysis of the recycled powder showed a constant amount of alloying elements with a slight reduction in oxygen content. The as-built microstructure was mainly composed of a martensitic structure separated by a high fraction of low-angle grain boundaries, suggesting the application of a direct tempering treatment starting from the as-built condition as a cost-effective post-process thermal treatment rather than the conventional quench and tempering treatment. Moreover, the degree of anisotropy generated by L-PBF in as-built specimens could be reduced after performing either the direct tempering or the quench and tempering treatments. The possible degradation of powder properties on the steel performance was also investigated. After various powder recycling events, no significant deterioration in tensile properties was measured, indicating that the water atomized powder could be a sustainable feedstock candidate for L-PBF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:33:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f59978cbc6174b319e793047296af052 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:33:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-f59978cbc6174b319e793047296af0522023-11-23T11:51:44ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-01-0115133610.3390/ma15010336On the Recycling of Water Atomized Powder and the Effects on Properties of L-PBF Processed 4130 Low-Alloy SteelMarawan Abdelwahed0Riccardo Casati1Anna Larsson2Stefano Petrella3Sven Bengtsson4Maurizio Vedani5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, ItalyHöganäs AB, 26383 Höganäs, SwedenCertema SCARL, 58044 Cinigiano, ItalyHöganäs AB, 26383 Höganäs, SwedenDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, ItalyThe microstructure and mechanical properties of a 4130-grade steel processed by L-PBF using a feedstock of low-cost water atomized powder have been investigated considering the effects of powder recycling. Chemical analysis of the recycled powder showed a constant amount of alloying elements with a slight reduction in oxygen content. The as-built microstructure was mainly composed of a martensitic structure separated by a high fraction of low-angle grain boundaries, suggesting the application of a direct tempering treatment starting from the as-built condition as a cost-effective post-process thermal treatment rather than the conventional quench and tempering treatment. Moreover, the degree of anisotropy generated by L-PBF in as-built specimens could be reduced after performing either the direct tempering or the quench and tempering treatments. The possible degradation of powder properties on the steel performance was also investigated. After various powder recycling events, no significant deterioration in tensile properties was measured, indicating that the water atomized powder could be a sustainable feedstock candidate for L-PBF.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/1/336laser powder bed fusionwater atomized powderlow-alloy steelpowder recyclingcarbides |
| spellingShingle | Marawan Abdelwahed Riccardo Casati Anna Larsson Stefano Petrella Sven Bengtsson Maurizio Vedani On the Recycling of Water Atomized Powder and the Effects on Properties of L-PBF Processed 4130 Low-Alloy Steel Materials laser powder bed fusion water atomized powder low-alloy steel powder recycling carbides |
| title | On the Recycling of Water Atomized Powder and the Effects on Properties of L-PBF Processed 4130 Low-Alloy Steel |
| title_full | On the Recycling of Water Atomized Powder and the Effects on Properties of L-PBF Processed 4130 Low-Alloy Steel |
| title_fullStr | On the Recycling of Water Atomized Powder and the Effects on Properties of L-PBF Processed 4130 Low-Alloy Steel |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Recycling of Water Atomized Powder and the Effects on Properties of L-PBF Processed 4130 Low-Alloy Steel |
| title_short | On the Recycling of Water Atomized Powder and the Effects on Properties of L-PBF Processed 4130 Low-Alloy Steel |
| title_sort | on the recycling of water atomized powder and the effects on properties of l pbf processed 4130 low alloy steel |
| topic | laser powder bed fusion water atomized powder low-alloy steel powder recycling carbides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/1/336 |
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