A critical review on mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of industrial by-product-based geopolymer composites
For the sustainability of the construction industry, geopolymers (GPMs) play an important role compared with Portland cement due to their improved mechanical properties, enhanced durability, and outstanding performance in alkali and acidic conditions. Most of the previous review investigations explo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Reviews on Advanced Materials Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2022-0306 |
| _version_ | 1797832462567473152 |
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| author | Elhag Ahmed Babeker Raza Ali Khan Qaiser uz Zaman Abid Muhammad Masood Bilal Arshad Muhammad Deifalla Ahmed Farouk |
| author_facet | Elhag Ahmed Babeker Raza Ali Khan Qaiser uz Zaman Abid Muhammad Masood Bilal Arshad Muhammad Deifalla Ahmed Farouk |
| author_sort | Elhag Ahmed Babeker |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For the sustainability of the construction industry, geopolymers (GPMs) play an important role compared with Portland cement due to their improved mechanical properties, enhanced durability, and outstanding performance in alkali and acidic conditions. Most of the previous review investigations explored the general behavior of GPM developed with kaolin, silica fume (SF), rice husk ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, etc., but a comprehensive review study on the industrial by-products, including granite waste powder (GWP) and bauxite residue (BR), is required to investigate their suitability in the construction industry. The current investigation aims to present a detailed review of the fresh, mechanical, durability, and microstructural behavior of the GPM paste produced using BR and GWP from the literature. The effect of different ingredients and testing conditions are evaluated for the fresh, mechanical, durability, thermal, and microstructural performance of the GPM paste. The results indicate that the pure BR having a lower ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 reacts poorly; therefore, it should be blended with other aluminosilicates comprising a higher ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 for better geopolymerization. Pre-activation of BR including 3 h calcination at 800°C, 1 h thermal pretreatment of alkali with solid activators at 800°C, mechanical co-grinding, and pulverization presented improved strength and microstructural properties of GPM. When mixing GWP in large quantities, heat curing is preferred for 8 h at 60–80°C for better behavior of GPM. Incorporating the nanomaterials into GWP-based GPM showed a significant impact on initial compressive and tensile strengths. Further studies on the synergistic use of GWP with aluminosilicate products and BR with silica-rich pozzolanic ingredients for GPM are required. Improved physiochemical features of BR-GPM and GWP-GPM are the potential research areas that can be addressed by incorporating raw materials for enhancing the internal matrix, such as nanoparticles, bio-additives, micro-fibers, etc., that have been observed to be effective for the GPM pastes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:08:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f5a18202fc8a408b8b38dfd83d1b0aca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1605-8127 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:08:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Reviews on Advanced Materials Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-f5a18202fc8a408b8b38dfd83d1b0aca2023-05-06T15:58:55ZengDe GruyterReviews on Advanced Materials Science1605-81272023-04-01621id. 10088872910.1515/rams-2022-0306A critical review on mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of industrial by-product-based geopolymer compositesElhag Ahmed Babeker0Raza Ali1Khan Qaiser uz Zaman2Abid Muhammad3Masood Bilal4Arshad Muhammad5Deifalla Ahmed Farouk6Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, 47050, PakistanDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, 47050, PakistanCollege of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Wah Engineering College, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, 47040, PakistanDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, 47050, PakistanStructural Engineering Department, Future University in Egypt, 11835 New Cairo, EgyptFor the sustainability of the construction industry, geopolymers (GPMs) play an important role compared with Portland cement due to their improved mechanical properties, enhanced durability, and outstanding performance in alkali and acidic conditions. Most of the previous review investigations explored the general behavior of GPM developed with kaolin, silica fume (SF), rice husk ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, etc., but a comprehensive review study on the industrial by-products, including granite waste powder (GWP) and bauxite residue (BR), is required to investigate their suitability in the construction industry. The current investigation aims to present a detailed review of the fresh, mechanical, durability, and microstructural behavior of the GPM paste produced using BR and GWP from the literature. The effect of different ingredients and testing conditions are evaluated for the fresh, mechanical, durability, thermal, and microstructural performance of the GPM paste. The results indicate that the pure BR having a lower ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 reacts poorly; therefore, it should be blended with other aluminosilicates comprising a higher ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 for better geopolymerization. Pre-activation of BR including 3 h calcination at 800°C, 1 h thermal pretreatment of alkali with solid activators at 800°C, mechanical co-grinding, and pulverization presented improved strength and microstructural properties of GPM. When mixing GWP in large quantities, heat curing is preferred for 8 h at 60–80°C for better behavior of GPM. Incorporating the nanomaterials into GWP-based GPM showed a significant impact on initial compressive and tensile strengths. Further studies on the synergistic use of GWP with aluminosilicate products and BR with silica-rich pozzolanic ingredients for GPM are required. Improved physiochemical features of BR-GPM and GWP-GPM are the potential research areas that can be addressed by incorporating raw materials for enhancing the internal matrix, such as nanoparticles, bio-additives, micro-fibers, etc., that have been observed to be effective for the GPM pastes.https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2022-0306bauxite residuegranite wastegeopolymerscompressive strengthmicrostructural behaviordurability |
| spellingShingle | Elhag Ahmed Babeker Raza Ali Khan Qaiser uz Zaman Abid Muhammad Masood Bilal Arshad Muhammad Deifalla Ahmed Farouk A critical review on mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of industrial by-product-based geopolymer composites Reviews on Advanced Materials Science bauxite residue granite waste geopolymers compressive strength microstructural behavior durability |
| title | A critical review on mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of industrial by-product-based geopolymer composites |
| title_full | A critical review on mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of industrial by-product-based geopolymer composites |
| title_fullStr | A critical review on mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of industrial by-product-based geopolymer composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | A critical review on mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of industrial by-product-based geopolymer composites |
| title_short | A critical review on mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of industrial by-product-based geopolymer composites |
| title_sort | critical review on mechanical durability and microstructural properties of industrial by product based geopolymer composites |
| topic | bauxite residue granite waste geopolymers compressive strength microstructural behavior durability |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2022-0306 |
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