Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cytotoxic cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater cyanobacteria (i.e., Aphanizomenon ovalisporum). CYN is a tricyclic alkaloid combined with a guanidine moiety. It is well known that CYN inhibits both protein and glutathione synthesis, and also induces geno...
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MDPI AG
2014-01-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/6/1/283 |
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| author | Remedios Guzmán-Guillén Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena María de los Ángeles Risalde Rosario Moyano Ana Isabel Prieto Silvia Pichardo Ángeles Jos Vitor Vasconcelos Ana María Cameán |
| author_facet | Remedios Guzmán-Guillén Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena María de los Ángeles Risalde Rosario Moyano Ana Isabel Prieto Silvia Pichardo Ángeles Jos Vitor Vasconcelos Ana María Cameán |
| author_sort | Remedios Guzmán-Guillén |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cytotoxic cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater cyanobacteria (i.e., Aphanizomenon ovalisporum). CYN is a tricyclic alkaloid combined with a guanidine moiety. It is well known that CYN inhibits both protein and glutathione synthesis, and also induces genotoxicity and the alteration of different oxidative stress biomarkers. Although the liver and kidney appear to be the main target organs for this toxin based on previous studies, CYN also affects other organs. In the present study, we studied the distribution of CYN in fish (Oreochromis niloticus) under two different exposure scenarios using immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques. In the first method, fish were exposed acutely by intraperitoneal injection or by gavage to 200 µg pure CYN/Kg body weight (bw), and euthanized after 24 h or five days of exposure. In the second method, fish were exposed by immersion to lyophilized A. ovalisporum CYN-producing cells using two concentration levels (10 or 100 µg/L) for two different exposure times (7 or 14 days). The IHC was carried out in liver, kidney, intestine, and gills of fish. Results demonstrated a similar pattern of CYN distribution in both experimental methods. The organ that presented the most immunopositive results was the liver, followed by the kidney, intestine, and gills. Moreover, the immunolabeling signal intensified with increasing time in both assays, confirming the delayed toxicity of CYN, and also with the increment of the dose, as it is shown in the sub-chronic assay. Thus, IHC is shown to be a valuable technique to study CYN distribution in these organisms. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:13:52Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
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| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-f5a63793d6b44f989c7c354f60905c1e2022-12-22T03:09:01ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512014-01-016128330310.3390/toxins6010283toxins6010283Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure ConditionsRemedios Guzmán-Guillén0Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena1María de los Ángeles Risalde2Rosario Moyano3Ana Isabel Prieto4Silvia Pichardo5Ángeles Jos6Vitor Vasconcelos7Ana María Cameán8Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, Seville 41012, SpainArea of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, Seville 41012, SpainDepartment of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Anatomy, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Carretera Madrid-Cádiz s/n, Córdoba 14071, SpainDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Carretera Madrid-Cádiz s/n, Córdoba 14071, SpainArea of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, Seville 41012, SpainArea of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, Seville 41012, SpainArea of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, Seville 41012, SpainLaboratory of Ecotoxicology, Genomics and Evolution, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research—CIIMAR/CIMAR, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, PortugalArea of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, Seville 41012, SpainCylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cytotoxic cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater cyanobacteria (i.e., Aphanizomenon ovalisporum). CYN is a tricyclic alkaloid combined with a guanidine moiety. It is well known that CYN inhibits both protein and glutathione synthesis, and also induces genotoxicity and the alteration of different oxidative stress biomarkers. Although the liver and kidney appear to be the main target organs for this toxin based on previous studies, CYN also affects other organs. In the present study, we studied the distribution of CYN in fish (Oreochromis niloticus) under two different exposure scenarios using immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques. In the first method, fish were exposed acutely by intraperitoneal injection or by gavage to 200 µg pure CYN/Kg body weight (bw), and euthanized after 24 h or five days of exposure. In the second method, fish were exposed by immersion to lyophilized A. ovalisporum CYN-producing cells using two concentration levels (10 or 100 µg/L) for two different exposure times (7 or 14 days). The IHC was carried out in liver, kidney, intestine, and gills of fish. Results demonstrated a similar pattern of CYN distribution in both experimental methods. The organ that presented the most immunopositive results was the liver, followed by the kidney, intestine, and gills. Moreover, the immunolabeling signal intensified with increasing time in both assays, confirming the delayed toxicity of CYN, and also with the increment of the dose, as it is shown in the sub-chronic assay. Thus, IHC is shown to be a valuable technique to study CYN distribution in these organisms.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/6/1/283CylindrospermopsinAphanizomenon ovalisporumOreochromis niloticusimmunohistochemistrydistributioncyanobacteriacyanotoxin |
| spellingShingle | Remedios Guzmán-Guillén Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena María de los Ángeles Risalde Rosario Moyano Ana Isabel Prieto Silvia Pichardo Ángeles Jos Vitor Vasconcelos Ana María Cameán Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions Toxins Cylindrospermopsin Aphanizomenon ovalisporum Oreochromis niloticus immunohistochemistry distribution cyanobacteria cyanotoxin |
| title | Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions |
| title_full | Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions |
| title_short | Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions |
| title_sort | immunohistochemical approach to study cylindrospermopsin distribution in tilapia oreochromis niloticus under different exposure conditions |
| topic | Cylindrospermopsin Aphanizomenon ovalisporum Oreochromis niloticus immunohistochemistry distribution cyanobacteria cyanotoxin |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/6/1/283 |
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