Antibody Immunity to Zika Virus among Young Children in a Flavivirus-Endemic Area in Nicaragua
<b>Objective:</b> To understand the dynamics of Zika virus (ZIKV)-specific antibody immunity in children born to mothers in a flavivirus-endemic region during and after the emergence of ZIKV in the Americas. <b>Methods:</b> We performed serologic testing for ZIKV cross-reacti...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/3/796 |
| _version_ | 1797608660206092288 |
|---|---|
| author | Omar Zepeda Daniel O. Espinoza Evelin Martinez Kaitlyn A. Cross Sylvia Becker-Dreps Aravinda M. de Silva Natalie M. Bowman Lakshmanane Premkumar Elizabeth M. Stringer Filemón Bucardo Matthew H. Collins |
| author_facet | Omar Zepeda Daniel O. Espinoza Evelin Martinez Kaitlyn A. Cross Sylvia Becker-Dreps Aravinda M. de Silva Natalie M. Bowman Lakshmanane Premkumar Elizabeth M. Stringer Filemón Bucardo Matthew H. Collins |
| author_sort | Omar Zepeda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Objective:</b> To understand the dynamics of Zika virus (ZIKV)-specific antibody immunity in children born to mothers in a flavivirus-endemic region during and after the emergence of ZIKV in the Americas. <b>Methods:</b> We performed serologic testing for ZIKV cross-reactive and type-specific IgG in two longitudinal cohorts, which enrolled pregnant women and their children (PW1 and PW2) after the beginning of the ZIKV epidemic in Nicaragua. Quarterly samples from children over their first two years of life and maternal blood samples at birth and at the end of the two-year follow-up period were studied. <b>Results:</b> Most mothers in this dengue-endemic area were flavivirus-immune at enrollment. ZIKV-specific IgG (anti-ZIKV EDIII IgG) was detected in 82 of 102 (80.4%) mothers in cohort PW1 and 89 of 134 (66.4%) mothers in cohort PW2, consistent with extensive transmission observed in Nicaragua during 2016. ZIKV-reactive IgG decayed to undetectable levels by 6–9 months in infants, whereas these antibodies were maintained in mothers at the year two time point. Interestingly, a greater contribution to ZIKV immunity by IgG3 was observed in babies born soon after ZIKV transmission. Finally, 43 of 343 (13%) children exhibited persistent or increasing ZIKV-reactive IgG at ≥9 months, with 10 of 30 (33%) tested demonstrating serologic evidence of incident dengue infection. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data inform our understanding of protective and pathogenic immunity to potential flavivirus infections in early life in areas where multiple flaviviruses co-circulate, particularly considering the immune interactions between ZIKV and dengue and the future possibility of ZIKV vaccination in women of childbearing potential. This study also shows the benefits of cord blood sampling for serologic surveillance of infectious diseases in resource-limited settings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:46:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f5aef308e15c495daf2ebb2670dfef55 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:46:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-f5aef308e15c495daf2ebb2670dfef552023-11-17T14:24:29ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-03-0115379610.3390/v15030796Antibody Immunity to Zika Virus among Young Children in a Flavivirus-Endemic Area in NicaraguaOmar Zepeda0Daniel O. Espinoza1Evelin Martinez2Kaitlyn A. Cross3Sylvia Becker-Dreps4Aravinda M. de Silva5Natalie M. Bowman6Lakshmanane Premkumar7Elizabeth M. Stringer8Filemón Bucardo9Matthew H. Collins10Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León 21000, NicaraguaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León 21000, NicaraguaDepartment of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USADepartment of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USADepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USADepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León 21000, NicaraguaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA<b>Objective:</b> To understand the dynamics of Zika virus (ZIKV)-specific antibody immunity in children born to mothers in a flavivirus-endemic region during and after the emergence of ZIKV in the Americas. <b>Methods:</b> We performed serologic testing for ZIKV cross-reactive and type-specific IgG in two longitudinal cohorts, which enrolled pregnant women and their children (PW1 and PW2) after the beginning of the ZIKV epidemic in Nicaragua. Quarterly samples from children over their first two years of life and maternal blood samples at birth and at the end of the two-year follow-up period were studied. <b>Results:</b> Most mothers in this dengue-endemic area were flavivirus-immune at enrollment. ZIKV-specific IgG (anti-ZIKV EDIII IgG) was detected in 82 of 102 (80.4%) mothers in cohort PW1 and 89 of 134 (66.4%) mothers in cohort PW2, consistent with extensive transmission observed in Nicaragua during 2016. ZIKV-reactive IgG decayed to undetectable levels by 6–9 months in infants, whereas these antibodies were maintained in mothers at the year two time point. Interestingly, a greater contribution to ZIKV immunity by IgG3 was observed in babies born soon after ZIKV transmission. Finally, 43 of 343 (13%) children exhibited persistent or increasing ZIKV-reactive IgG at ≥9 months, with 10 of 30 (33%) tested demonstrating serologic evidence of incident dengue infection. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data inform our understanding of protective and pathogenic immunity to potential flavivirus infections in early life in areas where multiple flaviviruses co-circulate, particularly considering the immune interactions between ZIKV and dengue and the future possibility of ZIKV vaccination in women of childbearing potential. This study also shows the benefits of cord blood sampling for serologic surveillance of infectious diseases in resource-limited settings.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/3/796Zikaantibodieshumoral immunityneonatal immunityflavivirusantibody-dependent enhancement |
| spellingShingle | Omar Zepeda Daniel O. Espinoza Evelin Martinez Kaitlyn A. Cross Sylvia Becker-Dreps Aravinda M. de Silva Natalie M. Bowman Lakshmanane Premkumar Elizabeth M. Stringer Filemón Bucardo Matthew H. Collins Antibody Immunity to Zika Virus among Young Children in a Flavivirus-Endemic Area in Nicaragua Viruses Zika antibodies humoral immunity neonatal immunity flavivirus antibody-dependent enhancement |
| title | Antibody Immunity to Zika Virus among Young Children in a Flavivirus-Endemic Area in Nicaragua |
| title_full | Antibody Immunity to Zika Virus among Young Children in a Flavivirus-Endemic Area in Nicaragua |
| title_fullStr | Antibody Immunity to Zika Virus among Young Children in a Flavivirus-Endemic Area in Nicaragua |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibody Immunity to Zika Virus among Young Children in a Flavivirus-Endemic Area in Nicaragua |
| title_short | Antibody Immunity to Zika Virus among Young Children in a Flavivirus-Endemic Area in Nicaragua |
| title_sort | antibody immunity to zika virus among young children in a flavivirus endemic area in nicaragua |
| topic | Zika antibodies humoral immunity neonatal immunity flavivirus antibody-dependent enhancement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/3/796 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT omarzepeda antibodyimmunitytozikavirusamongyoungchildreninaflavivirusendemicareainnicaragua AT danieloespinoza antibodyimmunitytozikavirusamongyoungchildreninaflavivirusendemicareainnicaragua AT evelinmartinez antibodyimmunitytozikavirusamongyoungchildreninaflavivirusendemicareainnicaragua AT kaitlynacross antibodyimmunitytozikavirusamongyoungchildreninaflavivirusendemicareainnicaragua AT sylviabeckerdreps antibodyimmunitytozikavirusamongyoungchildreninaflavivirusendemicareainnicaragua AT aravindamdesilva antibodyimmunitytozikavirusamongyoungchildreninaflavivirusendemicareainnicaragua AT nataliembowman antibodyimmunitytozikavirusamongyoungchildreninaflavivirusendemicareainnicaragua AT lakshmananepremkumar antibodyimmunitytozikavirusamongyoungchildreninaflavivirusendemicareainnicaragua AT elizabethmstringer antibodyimmunitytozikavirusamongyoungchildreninaflavivirusendemicareainnicaragua AT filemonbucardo antibodyimmunitytozikavirusamongyoungchildreninaflavivirusendemicareainnicaragua AT matthewhcollins antibodyimmunitytozikavirusamongyoungchildreninaflavivirusendemicareainnicaragua |