Characteristics of Lightning Activities over the Tibetan Plateau Based on Satellite Detection and Its Circulation Background Analysis
Based on the detection data obtained by the LMI (Lightning Mapping Imager)—China’s first satellite-based lightning observation payload—from 2018–2022, combined with the ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis v5) reanalysis data of the same period, the temporal and spatial characteristics of lightning activities ove...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/12/1765 |
| _version_ | 1797382138346078208 |
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| author | Jie Zhu Shulin Zhi Suling Ren |
| author_facet | Jie Zhu Shulin Zhi Suling Ren |
| author_sort | Jie Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Based on the detection data obtained by the LMI (Lightning Mapping Imager)—China’s first satellite-based lightning observation payload—from 2018–2022, combined with the ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis v5) reanalysis data of the same period, the temporal and spatial characteristics of lightning activities over the Tibetan Plateau and its response to the atmospheric circulation background are studied in detail in this paper. Based on the LMI data, we obtained consistent and continuous long-time-series lightning observation data for the whole region of the plateau for the first time, and the results show that the lightning density in the Tibetan Plateau is much smaller than that in the central and eastern land regions of China (CELR) at the same latitude. Lightning activity was unevenly distributed over the plateau and had obvious seasonal variation characteristics. The monthly amount of lightning and its ratio in the total amount of lightning for the whole year show the characteristics of “increasing first and then decreasing”. Most lightning occurs in June and July, which is about a month earlier than that in the CELR. The amount of lightning fluctuated in May and decreased rapidly after August, which is consistent with the local convective thunderstorm season. The hourly lightning frequency at different altitudes over the Tibetan Plateau is consistent with local convections and unique topography, and it is closely related to the features of the local night rain. The results also reveal comparative features between lightning and the atmospheric circulation background on the plateau, such as the wind field, CAPE (convective available potential energy), temperature, and humidity at 500 hPa. In the context of global warming, the average temperature in the central and western regions of the plateau increased in the past five years. This shows that the Tibetan Plateau, as a summer heat source, has a gradual warming trend, and the corresponding convections and lightning activities are also increasing gradually. Lightning activities can be used as an indicator of DCSs (deep convective systems). This paper gives a more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of lightning activities all over the Tibetan Plateau, especially in the western part of the plateau, which lacked ground-based lightning observation data before. In addition, it reveals the comparative features between the lightning activities and the circulation background over the plateau in the past five years, which is helpful for further understanding the contribution of lightning activities to the plateau’s climate change. It can provide some reference for monitoring and researching the severe convective weather over the Tibetan Plateau. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:01:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f5b2067571af41f699ff4c1b5aa27322 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:01:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-f5b2067571af41f699ff4c1b5aa273222023-12-22T13:52:48ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-11-011412176510.3390/atmos14121765Characteristics of Lightning Activities over the Tibetan Plateau Based on Satellite Detection and Its Circulation Background AnalysisJie Zhu0Shulin Zhi1Suling Ren2Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaJiangxi Meteorological Observatory, Nanchang 330096, ChinaKey Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaBased on the detection data obtained by the LMI (Lightning Mapping Imager)—China’s first satellite-based lightning observation payload—from 2018–2022, combined with the ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis v5) reanalysis data of the same period, the temporal and spatial characteristics of lightning activities over the Tibetan Plateau and its response to the atmospheric circulation background are studied in detail in this paper. Based on the LMI data, we obtained consistent and continuous long-time-series lightning observation data for the whole region of the plateau for the first time, and the results show that the lightning density in the Tibetan Plateau is much smaller than that in the central and eastern land regions of China (CELR) at the same latitude. Lightning activity was unevenly distributed over the plateau and had obvious seasonal variation characteristics. The monthly amount of lightning and its ratio in the total amount of lightning for the whole year show the characteristics of “increasing first and then decreasing”. Most lightning occurs in June and July, which is about a month earlier than that in the CELR. The amount of lightning fluctuated in May and decreased rapidly after August, which is consistent with the local convective thunderstorm season. The hourly lightning frequency at different altitudes over the Tibetan Plateau is consistent with local convections and unique topography, and it is closely related to the features of the local night rain. The results also reveal comparative features between lightning and the atmospheric circulation background on the plateau, such as the wind field, CAPE (convective available potential energy), temperature, and humidity at 500 hPa. In the context of global warming, the average temperature in the central and western regions of the plateau increased in the past five years. This shows that the Tibetan Plateau, as a summer heat source, has a gradual warming trend, and the corresponding convections and lightning activities are also increasing gradually. Lightning activities can be used as an indicator of DCSs (deep convective systems). This paper gives a more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of lightning activities all over the Tibetan Plateau, especially in the western part of the plateau, which lacked ground-based lightning observation data before. In addition, it reveals the comparative features between the lightning activities and the circulation background over the plateau in the past five years, which is helpful for further understanding the contribution of lightning activities to the plateau’s climate change. It can provide some reference for monitoring and researching the severe convective weather over the Tibetan Plateau.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/12/1765satellite-based detectionTibetan Plateaulightning activitiescirculation background |
| spellingShingle | Jie Zhu Shulin Zhi Suling Ren Characteristics of Lightning Activities over the Tibetan Plateau Based on Satellite Detection and Its Circulation Background Analysis Atmosphere satellite-based detection Tibetan Plateau lightning activities circulation background |
| title | Characteristics of Lightning Activities over the Tibetan Plateau Based on Satellite Detection and Its Circulation Background Analysis |
| title_full | Characteristics of Lightning Activities over the Tibetan Plateau Based on Satellite Detection and Its Circulation Background Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of Lightning Activities over the Tibetan Plateau Based on Satellite Detection and Its Circulation Background Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of Lightning Activities over the Tibetan Plateau Based on Satellite Detection and Its Circulation Background Analysis |
| title_short | Characteristics of Lightning Activities over the Tibetan Plateau Based on Satellite Detection and Its Circulation Background Analysis |
| title_sort | characteristics of lightning activities over the tibetan plateau based on satellite detection and its circulation background analysis |
| topic | satellite-based detection Tibetan Plateau lightning activities circulation background |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/12/1765 |
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