K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channels Regulate Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Chondrocytes: An Illustrated Review
An improved understanding of fundamental physiological principles and progressive pathophysiological processes in human articular joints (e.g., shoulders, knees, elbows) requires detailed investigations of two principal cell types: synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes. Our studies, done in the past...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| author | Yoshiaki Suzuki Hisao Yamamura Yuji Imaizumi Robert B. Clark Wayne R. Giles |
| author_facet | Yoshiaki Suzuki Hisao Yamamura Yuji Imaizumi Robert B. Clark Wayne R. Giles |
| author_sort | Yoshiaki Suzuki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An improved understanding of fundamental physiological principles and progressive pathophysiological processes in human articular joints (e.g., shoulders, knees, elbows) requires detailed investigations of two principal cell types: synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes. Our studies, done in the past 8–10 years, have used electrophysiological, Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging, single molecule monitoring, immunocytochemical, and molecular methods to investigate regulation of the resting membrane potential (E<sub>R</sub>) and intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels in human chondrocytes maintained in 2-D culture. Insights from these published papers are as follows: (1) Chondrocyte preparations express a number of different ion channels that can regulate their E<sub>R</sub>. (2) Understanding the basis for E<sub>R</sub> requires knowledge of (a) the presence or absence of ligand (ATP/histamine) stimulation and (b) the extraordinary ionic composition and ionic strength of synovial fluid. (3) In our chondrocyte preparations, at least two types of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup> channels are expressed and can significantly hyperpolarize E<sub>R</sub>. (4) Accounting for changes in E<sub>R</sub> can provide insights into the functional roles of the ligand-dependent Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx through store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels. Some of the findings are illustrated in this review. Our summary diagram suggests that, in chondrocytes, the K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels are linked in a positive feedback loop that can augment Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx and therefore regulate lubricant and cytokine secretion and gene transcription. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:49:55Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:49:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f5baecd0f1e448cdb1de757b229211a92023-11-20T05:16:33ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-06-0197157710.3390/cells9071577K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channels Regulate Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Chondrocytes: An Illustrated ReviewYoshiaki Suzuki0Hisao Yamamura1Yuji Imaizumi2Robert B. Clark3Wayne R. Giles4Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori, Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467-8603, JapanDepartment of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori, Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467-8603, JapanDepartment of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori, Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467-8603, JapanDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaAn improved understanding of fundamental physiological principles and progressive pathophysiological processes in human articular joints (e.g., shoulders, knees, elbows) requires detailed investigations of two principal cell types: synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes. Our studies, done in the past 8–10 years, have used electrophysiological, Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging, single molecule monitoring, immunocytochemical, and molecular methods to investigate regulation of the resting membrane potential (E<sub>R</sub>) and intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels in human chondrocytes maintained in 2-D culture. Insights from these published papers are as follows: (1) Chondrocyte preparations express a number of different ion channels that can regulate their E<sub>R</sub>. (2) Understanding the basis for E<sub>R</sub> requires knowledge of (a) the presence or absence of ligand (ATP/histamine) stimulation and (b) the extraordinary ionic composition and ionic strength of synovial fluid. (3) In our chondrocyte preparations, at least two types of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup> channels are expressed and can significantly hyperpolarize E<sub>R</sub>. (4) Accounting for changes in E<sub>R</sub> can provide insights into the functional roles of the ligand-dependent Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx through store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels. Some of the findings are illustrated in this review. Our summary diagram suggests that, in chondrocytes, the K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels are linked in a positive feedback loop that can augment Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx and therefore regulate lubricant and cytokine secretion and gene transcription.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/7/1577chondrocyteOUMS-27resting membrane potentialCa<sup>2+</sup> signalingCa<sup>2+</sup> release-activated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channelCa<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup> channel |
| spellingShingle | Yoshiaki Suzuki Hisao Yamamura Yuji Imaizumi Robert B. Clark Wayne R. Giles K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channels Regulate Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Chondrocytes: An Illustrated Review Cells chondrocyte OUMS-27 resting membrane potential Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling Ca<sup>2+</sup> release-activated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup> channel |
| title | K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channels Regulate Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Chondrocytes: An Illustrated Review |
| title_full | K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channels Regulate Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Chondrocytes: An Illustrated Review |
| title_fullStr | K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channels Regulate Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Chondrocytes: An Illustrated Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channels Regulate Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Chondrocytes: An Illustrated Review |
| title_short | K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channels Regulate Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Chondrocytes: An Illustrated Review |
| title_sort | k sup sup and ca sup 2 sup channels regulate ca sup 2 sup signaling in chondrocytes an illustrated review |
| topic | chondrocyte OUMS-27 resting membrane potential Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling Ca<sup>2+</sup> release-activated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup> channel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/7/1577 |
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