Diet Influences the Oral Microbiota of Infants during the First Six Months of Life
<i>Background</i>: Oral microorganisms contribute to oral health and disease, but few have studied how infant feeding methods affect their establishment. <i>Methods</i>: Infant (<i>n</i> = 12) feeding records and tongue and cheek swabs were collected within 48 h o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3400 |
| _version_ | 1797548782833893376 |
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| author | Patrícia M. Oba Hannah D. Holscher Rose Ann Mathai Juhee Kim Kelly S. Swanson |
| author_facet | Patrícia M. Oba Hannah D. Holscher Rose Ann Mathai Juhee Kim Kelly S. Swanson |
| author_sort | Patrícia M. Oba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background</i>: Oral microorganisms contribute to oral health and disease, but few have studied how infant feeding methods affect their establishment. <i>Methods</i>: Infant (<i>n</i> = 12) feeding records and tongue and cheek swabs were collected within 48 h of birth, and after 2, 4, and 6 mo. DNA was extracted from samples, bacterial and fungal amplicons were generated and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq, and sequences were analyzed using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) and Statistical Analysis System (SAS) to evaluate differences over time and among breast-fed, formula-fed, mixed-fed, and solid food-fed infants. <i>Results</i>: Considering all time points, breast milk- and mixed-fed infants had lower oral species richness than solid food-fed infants (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Regardless of feeding mode, species richness was lower at birth than at other time points (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of unique fraction metric (UniFrac) distances indicated that bacterial communities were impacted by feeding method (<i>p</i> < 0.005). Considering all time points, breast-fed infants had higher <i>Streptococcus</i>, while formula-fed infants had higher <i>Actinomyces</i> and <i>Prevotella</i>. Regardless of feeding mode, <i>Propionibacterium</i>, <i>Porphyromonas</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Gemella</i>, <i>Granulicatella</i>, <i>Veillonella</i>, <i>Fusobacterium</i>, <i>Leptotrichia</i>, <i>Neisseria,</i> and <i>Haemophilus</i> increased with age, while <i>Cloacibacterium</i> and <i>Dechloromonas</i> decreased with age. Oral fungi were detected in infants but were not impacted by diet. <i>Conclusions</i>: These findings demonstrate that the establishment of oral bacteria depends on dietary composition and age. More research is necessary to determine whether this affects risk of oral caries and other health outcomes later in life. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:04:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f5bb1e7012344708a60bec480c197044 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:04:37Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-f5bb1e7012344708a60bec480c1970442023-11-20T19:54:36ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-11-011211340010.3390/nu12113400Diet Influences the Oral Microbiota of Infants during the First Six Months of LifePatrícia M. Oba0Hannah D. Holscher1Rose Ann Mathai2Juhee Kim3Kelly S. Swanson4Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USADepartment of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USADepartment of Nutrition, Dominican University, River Forest, IL 60305, USADepartment of Nutrition, East Carolina State University, Greenville, NC 27834, USADepartment of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA<i>Background</i>: Oral microorganisms contribute to oral health and disease, but few have studied how infant feeding methods affect their establishment. <i>Methods</i>: Infant (<i>n</i> = 12) feeding records and tongue and cheek swabs were collected within 48 h of birth, and after 2, 4, and 6 mo. DNA was extracted from samples, bacterial and fungal amplicons were generated and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq, and sequences were analyzed using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) and Statistical Analysis System (SAS) to evaluate differences over time and among breast-fed, formula-fed, mixed-fed, and solid food-fed infants. <i>Results</i>: Considering all time points, breast milk- and mixed-fed infants had lower oral species richness than solid food-fed infants (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Regardless of feeding mode, species richness was lower at birth than at other time points (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of unique fraction metric (UniFrac) distances indicated that bacterial communities were impacted by feeding method (<i>p</i> < 0.005). Considering all time points, breast-fed infants had higher <i>Streptococcus</i>, while formula-fed infants had higher <i>Actinomyces</i> and <i>Prevotella</i>. Regardless of feeding mode, <i>Propionibacterium</i>, <i>Porphyromonas</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Gemella</i>, <i>Granulicatella</i>, <i>Veillonella</i>, <i>Fusobacterium</i>, <i>Leptotrichia</i>, <i>Neisseria,</i> and <i>Haemophilus</i> increased with age, while <i>Cloacibacterium</i> and <i>Dechloromonas</i> decreased with age. Oral fungi were detected in infants but were not impacted by diet. <i>Conclusions</i>: These findings demonstrate that the establishment of oral bacteria depends on dietary composition and age. More research is necessary to determine whether this affects risk of oral caries and other health outcomes later in life.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3400oral bacteria and fungiinfant healthfeeding method |
| spellingShingle | Patrícia M. Oba Hannah D. Holscher Rose Ann Mathai Juhee Kim Kelly S. Swanson Diet Influences the Oral Microbiota of Infants during the First Six Months of Life Nutrients oral bacteria and fungi infant health feeding method |
| title | Diet Influences the Oral Microbiota of Infants during the First Six Months of Life |
| title_full | Diet Influences the Oral Microbiota of Infants during the First Six Months of Life |
| title_fullStr | Diet Influences the Oral Microbiota of Infants during the First Six Months of Life |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diet Influences the Oral Microbiota of Infants during the First Six Months of Life |
| title_short | Diet Influences the Oral Microbiota of Infants during the First Six Months of Life |
| title_sort | diet influences the oral microbiota of infants during the first six months of life |
| topic | oral bacteria and fungi infant health feeding method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3400 |
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