Investigating Algal Communities in Lacustrine and Hydro-Terrestrial Environments of East Antarctica Using Deep Amplicon Sequencing
Antarctica has one of the most extreme environments on Earth, with low temperatures and low nutrient levels. Antarctica’s organisms live primarily in the coastal, ice-free areas which cover approximately 0.18% of the continent’s surface. Members of Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae are important pr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/4/497 |
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| author | Yuu Hirose Takuhei Shiozaki Masahiro Otani Sakae Kudoh Satoshi Imura Toshihiko Eki Naomi Harada |
| author_facet | Yuu Hirose Takuhei Shiozaki Masahiro Otani Sakae Kudoh Satoshi Imura Toshihiko Eki Naomi Harada |
| author_sort | Yuu Hirose |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antarctica has one of the most extreme environments on Earth, with low temperatures and low nutrient levels. Antarctica’s organisms live primarily in the coastal, ice-free areas which cover approximately 0.18% of the continent’s surface. Members of Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae are important primary producers in Antarctica since they can synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water using solar energy. However, community structures of photosynthetic algae in Antarctica have not yet been fully explored at molecular level. In this study, we collected diverse algal samples in lacustrine and hydro-terrestrial environments of Langhovde and Skarvsnes, which are two ice-free regions in East Antarctica. We performed deep amplicon sequencing of both 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and 18S rRNA genes, and we explored the distribution of sequence variants (SVs) of these genes at single nucleotide difference resolution. SVs of filamentous Cyanobacteria genera, including <i>Leptolyngbya</i>, <i>Pseudanabaena</i>, <i>Phormidium</i>, <i>Nodosilinea</i>, <i>Geitlerinama</i>, and <i>Tychonema</i>, were identified in most of the samples, whereas <i>Phormidesmis</i> SVs were distributed in fewer samples. We also detected unicellular, multicellular or heterocyst forming Cyanobacteria strains, but in relatively small abundance. For SVs of eukaryotic algae, Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, and Ochrophyta were widely distributed among the collected samples. In addition, there was a red colored bloom of eukaryotic alga, <i>Geminigera cryophile</i> (Cryptophyta), in the Langhovde coastal area. Eukaryotic SVs of <i>Acutuncus antarcticus</i> and/or <i>Diphascon pingue</i> of Tardigrada were dominant among most of the samples. Our data revealed the detailed structures of the algal communities in Langhovde and Skarvsnes. This will contribute to our understanding of Antarctic ecosystems and support further research into this subject. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:46:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f5c54a7e544c4a039ac0d54001d6442b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:46:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-f5c54a7e544c4a039ac0d54001d6442b2023-11-19T20:17:28ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-03-018449710.3390/microorganisms8040497Investigating Algal Communities in Lacustrine and Hydro-Terrestrial Environments of East Antarctica Using Deep Amplicon SequencingYuu Hirose0Takuhei Shiozaki1Masahiro Otani2Sakae Kudoh3Satoshi Imura4Toshihiko Eki5Naomi Harada6Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi 441-8580, JapanEarth Surface System Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa 237-0061, JapanFaculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, JapanNational Institute of Polar Research, Corporation Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tokyo 190-8518, JapanNational Institute of Polar Research, Corporation Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tokyo 190-8518, JapanDepartment of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi 441-8580, JapanEarth Surface System Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa 237-0061, JapanAntarctica has one of the most extreme environments on Earth, with low temperatures and low nutrient levels. Antarctica’s organisms live primarily in the coastal, ice-free areas which cover approximately 0.18% of the continent’s surface. Members of Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae are important primary producers in Antarctica since they can synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water using solar energy. However, community structures of photosynthetic algae in Antarctica have not yet been fully explored at molecular level. In this study, we collected diverse algal samples in lacustrine and hydro-terrestrial environments of Langhovde and Skarvsnes, which are two ice-free regions in East Antarctica. We performed deep amplicon sequencing of both 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and 18S rRNA genes, and we explored the distribution of sequence variants (SVs) of these genes at single nucleotide difference resolution. SVs of filamentous Cyanobacteria genera, including <i>Leptolyngbya</i>, <i>Pseudanabaena</i>, <i>Phormidium</i>, <i>Nodosilinea</i>, <i>Geitlerinama</i>, and <i>Tychonema</i>, were identified in most of the samples, whereas <i>Phormidesmis</i> SVs were distributed in fewer samples. We also detected unicellular, multicellular or heterocyst forming Cyanobacteria strains, but in relatively small abundance. For SVs of eukaryotic algae, Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, and Ochrophyta were widely distributed among the collected samples. In addition, there was a red colored bloom of eukaryotic alga, <i>Geminigera cryophile</i> (Cryptophyta), in the Langhovde coastal area. Eukaryotic SVs of <i>Acutuncus antarcticus</i> and/or <i>Diphascon pingue</i> of Tardigrada were dominant among most of the samples. Our data revealed the detailed structures of the algal communities in Langhovde and Skarvsnes. This will contribute to our understanding of Antarctic ecosystems and support further research into this subject.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/4/497algaeAntarcticalacustrinehydro-terrestrialCyanobacteriamicrobiome |
| spellingShingle | Yuu Hirose Takuhei Shiozaki Masahiro Otani Sakae Kudoh Satoshi Imura Toshihiko Eki Naomi Harada Investigating Algal Communities in Lacustrine and Hydro-Terrestrial Environments of East Antarctica Using Deep Amplicon Sequencing Microorganisms algae Antarctica lacustrine hydro-terrestrial Cyanobacteria microbiome |
| title | Investigating Algal Communities in Lacustrine and Hydro-Terrestrial Environments of East Antarctica Using Deep Amplicon Sequencing |
| title_full | Investigating Algal Communities in Lacustrine and Hydro-Terrestrial Environments of East Antarctica Using Deep Amplicon Sequencing |
| title_fullStr | Investigating Algal Communities in Lacustrine and Hydro-Terrestrial Environments of East Antarctica Using Deep Amplicon Sequencing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating Algal Communities in Lacustrine and Hydro-Terrestrial Environments of East Antarctica Using Deep Amplicon Sequencing |
| title_short | Investigating Algal Communities in Lacustrine and Hydro-Terrestrial Environments of East Antarctica Using Deep Amplicon Sequencing |
| title_sort | investigating algal communities in lacustrine and hydro terrestrial environments of east antarctica using deep amplicon sequencing |
| topic | algae Antarctica lacustrine hydro-terrestrial Cyanobacteria microbiome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/4/497 |
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