A Noise Tolerant Spread Spectrum Sound-Based Local Positioning System for Operating a Quadcopter in a Greenhouse
Quadcopters are beginning to play an important role in precision agriculture. In order to localize and operate the quadcopter automatically in complex agricultural settings, such as a greenhouse, a robust positioning system is needed. In previous research, we developed a spread spectrum sound-based...
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/1981 |
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| author | Zichen Huang Lok Wai Jacky Tsay Tomoo Shiigi Xunyue Zhao Hiroaki Nakanishi Tetsuhito Suzuki Yuichi Ogawa Naoshi Kondo |
| author_facet | Zichen Huang Lok Wai Jacky Tsay Tomoo Shiigi Xunyue Zhao Hiroaki Nakanishi Tetsuhito Suzuki Yuichi Ogawa Naoshi Kondo |
| author_sort | Zichen Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Quadcopters are beginning to play an important role in precision agriculture. In order to localize and operate the quadcopter automatically in complex agricultural settings, such as a greenhouse, a robust positioning system is needed. In previous research, we developed a spread spectrum sound-based local positioning system (SSSLPS) with a 20 mm accuracy within a 30 × 30 m greenhouse area. In this research, a noise tolerant SSSLPS was developed and evaluated. First, the acoustic noise spectrum emitted by the quadcopter was documented, and then the noise tolerance properties of SSSounds were examined and tested. This was done in a greenhouse with a fixed quadcopter (9.75 N thrust) with the positioning system mounted on it. The recorded quadcopter noise had a broadband noise compared to the SSSound. Taking these SSSound properties into account, the noise tolerance of the SSSLPS was improved, achieving a positioning accuracy of 23.2 mm and 31.6 mm accuracy within 12 × 6 m for both Time-division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency-division Multiple Access (FDMA) modulation. The results demonstrate that the SSSLPS is an accurate, robust positioning system that is noise tolerant and can used for quadcopter operation even within a small greenhouse. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:44:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f5ee5da656e24b60ae2fb5775abfdf53 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:44:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-f5ee5da656e24b60ae2fb5775abfdf532023-11-19T20:26:01ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-04-01207198110.3390/s20071981A Noise Tolerant Spread Spectrum Sound-Based Local Positioning System for Operating a Quadcopter in a GreenhouseZichen Huang0Lok Wai Jacky Tsay1Tomoo Shiigi2Xunyue Zhao3Hiroaki Nakanishi4Tetsuhito Suzuki5Yuichi Ogawa6Naoshi Kondo7Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, JapanGraduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, JapanDepartment of Ocean Mechanical Engineering, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki 7596595, JapanGraduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6158540, JapanGraduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, JapanGraduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, JapanGraduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, JapanQuadcopters are beginning to play an important role in precision agriculture. In order to localize and operate the quadcopter automatically in complex agricultural settings, such as a greenhouse, a robust positioning system is needed. In previous research, we developed a spread spectrum sound-based local positioning system (SSSLPS) with a 20 mm accuracy within a 30 × 30 m greenhouse area. In this research, a noise tolerant SSSLPS was developed and evaluated. First, the acoustic noise spectrum emitted by the quadcopter was documented, and then the noise tolerance properties of SSSounds were examined and tested. This was done in a greenhouse with a fixed quadcopter (9.75 N thrust) with the positioning system mounted on it. The recorded quadcopter noise had a broadband noise compared to the SSSound. Taking these SSSound properties into account, the noise tolerance of the SSSLPS was improved, achieving a positioning accuracy of 23.2 mm and 31.6 mm accuracy within 12 × 6 m for both Time-division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency-division Multiple Access (FDMA) modulation. The results demonstrate that the SSSLPS is an accurate, robust positioning system that is noise tolerant and can used for quadcopter operation even within a small greenhouse.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/1981precision agriculturespread spectrum soundlocal positioning systemquadcopteracoustic noise tolerance |
| spellingShingle | Zichen Huang Lok Wai Jacky Tsay Tomoo Shiigi Xunyue Zhao Hiroaki Nakanishi Tetsuhito Suzuki Yuichi Ogawa Naoshi Kondo A Noise Tolerant Spread Spectrum Sound-Based Local Positioning System for Operating a Quadcopter in a Greenhouse Sensors precision agriculture spread spectrum sound local positioning system quadcopter acoustic noise tolerance |
| title | A Noise Tolerant Spread Spectrum Sound-Based Local Positioning System for Operating a Quadcopter in a Greenhouse |
| title_full | A Noise Tolerant Spread Spectrum Sound-Based Local Positioning System for Operating a Quadcopter in a Greenhouse |
| title_fullStr | A Noise Tolerant Spread Spectrum Sound-Based Local Positioning System for Operating a Quadcopter in a Greenhouse |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Noise Tolerant Spread Spectrum Sound-Based Local Positioning System for Operating a Quadcopter in a Greenhouse |
| title_short | A Noise Tolerant Spread Spectrum Sound-Based Local Positioning System for Operating a Quadcopter in a Greenhouse |
| title_sort | noise tolerant spread spectrum sound based local positioning system for operating a quadcopter in a greenhouse |
| topic | precision agriculture spread spectrum sound local positioning system quadcopter acoustic noise tolerance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/1981 |
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