Immunogenicity of COVID-19 booster vaccination in IEI patients and their one year clinical follow-up after start of the COVID-19 vaccination program
PurposePrevious studies have demonstrated that the majority of patients with an inborn error of immunity (IEI) develop a spike (S)-specific IgG antibody and T-cell response after two doses of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine, but little is known about the response to a booster vaccination. We studied...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1390022/full |
| _version_ | 1797202149210324992 |
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| author | Leanne P. M. van Leeuwen Leanne P. M. van Leeuwen Marloes Grobben Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel Pauline M. Ellerbroek Godelieve J. de Bree Judith Potjewijd Abraham Rutgers Hetty Jolink Frank L. van de Veerdonk Marit J. van Gils Rory D. de Vries Virgil A. S. H. Dalm Virgil A. S. H. Dalm VACOPID Research Group Eric C.M. van Gorp Faye de Wilt Susanne Bogers Lennert Gommers Daryl Geers Marianne W. van der Ent P. Martin van Hagen Jelle W. van Haga Bregtje A. Lemkes Annelou van der Veen Rogier W. Sanders Karlijn van der Straten Judith A. Burger Jacqueline van Rijswijk Khadija Tejjani Joey H. Bouhuijs Karina de Leeuw Annick A.J.M. van de Ven S.F.J. de Kruijf-Bazen Pieter van Paassen Lotte Wieten Petra H. Verbeek-Menken Annelies van Wengen Anke H.W. Bruns Helen L. Leavis Stefan Nierkens |
| author_facet | Leanne P. M. van Leeuwen Leanne P. M. van Leeuwen Marloes Grobben Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel Pauline M. Ellerbroek Godelieve J. de Bree Judith Potjewijd Abraham Rutgers Hetty Jolink Frank L. van de Veerdonk Marit J. van Gils Rory D. de Vries Virgil A. S. H. Dalm Virgil A. S. H. Dalm VACOPID Research Group Eric C.M. van Gorp Faye de Wilt Susanne Bogers Lennert Gommers Daryl Geers Marianne W. van der Ent P. Martin van Hagen Jelle W. van Haga Bregtje A. Lemkes Annelou van der Veen Rogier W. Sanders Karlijn van der Straten Judith A. Burger Jacqueline van Rijswijk Khadija Tejjani Joey H. Bouhuijs Karina de Leeuw Annick A.J.M. van de Ven S.F.J. de Kruijf-Bazen Pieter van Paassen Lotte Wieten Petra H. Verbeek-Menken Annelies van Wengen Anke H.W. Bruns Helen L. Leavis Stefan Nierkens |
| author_sort | Leanne P. M. van Leeuwen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PurposePrevious studies have demonstrated that the majority of patients with an inborn error of immunity (IEI) develop a spike (S)-specific IgG antibody and T-cell response after two doses of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine, but little is known about the response to a booster vaccination. We studied the immune responses 8 weeks after booster vaccination with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in 171 IEI patients. Moreover, we evaluated the clinical outcomes in these patients one year after the start of the Dutch COVID-19 vaccination campaign.MethodsThis study was embedded in a large prospective multicenter study investigating the immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines in IEI (VACOPID study). Blood samples were taken from 244 participants 8 weeks after booster vaccination. These participants included 171 IEI patients (X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA;N=11), combined immunodeficiency (CID;N=4), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID;N=45), isolated or undefined antibody deficiencies (N=108) and phagocyte defects (N=3)) and 73 controls. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG titers, neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses were evaluated. One year after the start of the COVID-19 vaccination program, 334 study participants (239 IEI patients and 95 controls) completed a questionnaire to supplement their clinical data focusing on SARS-CoV-2 infections.ResultsAfter booster vaccination, S-specific IgG titers increased in all COVID-19 naive IEI cohorts and controls, when compared to titers at 6 months after the priming regimen. The fold-increases did not differ between controls and IEI cohorts. SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses also increased equally in all cohorts after booster vaccination compared to 6 months after the priming regimen. Most SARS-CoV-2 infections during the study period occurred in the period when the Omicron variant had become dominant. The clinical course of these infections was mild, although IEI patients experienced more frequent fever and dyspnea compared to controls and their symptoms persisted longer.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that mRNA-based booster vaccination induces robust recall of memory B-cell and T-cell responses in most IEI patients. One-year clinical follow-up demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infections in IEI patients were mild. Given our results, we support booster campaigns with newer variant-specific COVID-19 booster vaccines to IEI patients with milder phenotypes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:58:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f5f340a3b6454dfba93ece08a8ba7d1f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:58:51Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f5f340a3b6454dfba93ece08a8ba7d1f2024-04-18T04:28:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-04-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.13900221390022Immunogenicity of COVID-19 booster vaccination in IEI patients and their one year clinical follow-up after start of the COVID-19 vaccination programLeanne P. M. van Leeuwen0Leanne P. M. van Leeuwen1Marloes Grobben2Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel3Pauline M. Ellerbroek4Godelieve J. de Bree5Judith Potjewijd6Abraham Rutgers7Hetty Jolink8Frank L. van de Veerdonk9Marit J. van Gils10Rory D. de Vries11Virgil A. S. H. Dalm12Virgil A. S. H. Dalm13VACOPID Research GroupEric C.M. van GorpFaye de WiltSusanne BogersLennert GommersDaryl GeersMarianne W. van der EntP. Martin van HagenJelle W. van HagaBregtje A. LemkesAnnelou van der VeenRogier W. SandersKarlijn van der StratenJudith A. BurgerJacqueline van RijswijkKhadija TejjaniJoey H. BouhuijsKarina de LeeuwAnnick A.J.M. van de VenS.F.J. de Kruijf-BazenPieter van PaassenLotte WietenPetra H. Verbeek-MenkenAnnelies van WengenAnke H.W. BrunsHelen L. LeavisStefan NierkensDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, NetherlandsTravel Clinic, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, NetherlandsDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division Clinical Immunology, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, NetherlandsDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, UMC Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands0Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands1Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, NetherlandsPurposePrevious studies have demonstrated that the majority of patients with an inborn error of immunity (IEI) develop a spike (S)-specific IgG antibody and T-cell response after two doses of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine, but little is known about the response to a booster vaccination. We studied the immune responses 8 weeks after booster vaccination with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in 171 IEI patients. Moreover, we evaluated the clinical outcomes in these patients one year after the start of the Dutch COVID-19 vaccination campaign.MethodsThis study was embedded in a large prospective multicenter study investigating the immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines in IEI (VACOPID study). Blood samples were taken from 244 participants 8 weeks after booster vaccination. These participants included 171 IEI patients (X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA;N=11), combined immunodeficiency (CID;N=4), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID;N=45), isolated or undefined antibody deficiencies (N=108) and phagocyte defects (N=3)) and 73 controls. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG titers, neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses were evaluated. One year after the start of the COVID-19 vaccination program, 334 study participants (239 IEI patients and 95 controls) completed a questionnaire to supplement their clinical data focusing on SARS-CoV-2 infections.ResultsAfter booster vaccination, S-specific IgG titers increased in all COVID-19 naive IEI cohorts and controls, when compared to titers at 6 months after the priming regimen. The fold-increases did not differ between controls and IEI cohorts. SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses also increased equally in all cohorts after booster vaccination compared to 6 months after the priming regimen. Most SARS-CoV-2 infections during the study period occurred in the period when the Omicron variant had become dominant. The clinical course of these infections was mild, although IEI patients experienced more frequent fever and dyspnea compared to controls and their symptoms persisted longer.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that mRNA-based booster vaccination induces robust recall of memory B-cell and T-cell responses in most IEI patients. One-year clinical follow-up demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infections in IEI patients were mild. Given our results, we support booster campaigns with newer variant-specific COVID-19 booster vaccines to IEI patients with milder phenotypes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1390022/fullinborn errors of immunityprimary immunodeficiency disordersSARS-CoV-2mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccinebooster vaccinationimmunogenicity |
| spellingShingle | Leanne P. M. van Leeuwen Leanne P. M. van Leeuwen Marloes Grobben Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel Pauline M. Ellerbroek Godelieve J. de Bree Judith Potjewijd Abraham Rutgers Hetty Jolink Frank L. van de Veerdonk Marit J. van Gils Rory D. de Vries Virgil A. S. H. Dalm Virgil A. S. H. Dalm VACOPID Research Group Eric C.M. van Gorp Faye de Wilt Susanne Bogers Lennert Gommers Daryl Geers Marianne W. van der Ent P. Martin van Hagen Jelle W. van Haga Bregtje A. Lemkes Annelou van der Veen Rogier W. Sanders Karlijn van der Straten Judith A. Burger Jacqueline van Rijswijk Khadija Tejjani Joey H. Bouhuijs Karina de Leeuw Annick A.J.M. van de Ven S.F.J. de Kruijf-Bazen Pieter van Paassen Lotte Wieten Petra H. Verbeek-Menken Annelies van Wengen Anke H.W. Bruns Helen L. Leavis Stefan Nierkens Immunogenicity of COVID-19 booster vaccination in IEI patients and their one year clinical follow-up after start of the COVID-19 vaccination program Frontiers in Immunology inborn errors of immunity primary immunodeficiency disorders SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine booster vaccination immunogenicity |
| title | Immunogenicity of COVID-19 booster vaccination in IEI patients and their one year clinical follow-up after start of the COVID-19 vaccination program |
| title_full | Immunogenicity of COVID-19 booster vaccination in IEI patients and their one year clinical follow-up after start of the COVID-19 vaccination program |
| title_fullStr | Immunogenicity of COVID-19 booster vaccination in IEI patients and their one year clinical follow-up after start of the COVID-19 vaccination program |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunogenicity of COVID-19 booster vaccination in IEI patients and their one year clinical follow-up after start of the COVID-19 vaccination program |
| title_short | Immunogenicity of COVID-19 booster vaccination in IEI patients and their one year clinical follow-up after start of the COVID-19 vaccination program |
| title_sort | immunogenicity of covid 19 booster vaccination in iei patients and their one year clinical follow up after start of the covid 19 vaccination program |
| topic | inborn errors of immunity primary immunodeficiency disorders SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine booster vaccination immunogenicity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1390022/full |
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