The C-Terminal Region of SLIM1 Transcription Factor Is Required for Sulfur Deficiency Response
Sulfur LIMitation1 (SLIM1) transcription factor coordinates gene expression in plants in response to sulfur deficiency (−S). SLIM1 belongs to the family of plant-specific EIL transcription factors with EIN3 and EIL1, which regulate the ethylene-responsive gene expression. The EIL domains consist of...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/19/2595 |
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| author | Justyna Piotrowska Yuki Jodoi Nguyen Ha Trang Anna Wawrzynska Hideki Takahashi Agnieszka Sirko Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita |
| author_facet | Justyna Piotrowska Yuki Jodoi Nguyen Ha Trang Anna Wawrzynska Hideki Takahashi Agnieszka Sirko Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita |
| author_sort | Justyna Piotrowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sulfur LIMitation1 (SLIM1) transcription factor coordinates gene expression in plants in response to sulfur deficiency (−S). SLIM1 belongs to the family of plant-specific EIL transcription factors with EIN3 and EIL1, which regulate the ethylene-responsive gene expression. The EIL domains consist of DNA binding and dimerization domains highly conserved among EIL family members, while the N- and C-terminal regions are structurally variable and postulated to have regulatory roles in this protein family, such that the EIN3 C-terminal region is essential for its ethylene-responsive activation. In this study, we focused on the roles of the SLIM1 C-terminal region. We examined the transactivation activity of the full-length and the truncated SLIM1 in yeast and <i>Arabidopsis</i>. The full-length SLIM1 and the truncated form of SLIM1 with a deletion of C-terminal 106 amino acids (ΔC105) transactivated the reporter gene expression in yeast when they were fused to the GAL4 DNA binding domain, whereas the deletion of additional 15 amino acids to remove the C-terminal 120 amino acids (ΔC120) eliminated such an activity, identifying the necessity of that 15-amino-acid segment for transactivation. In the <i>Arabidopsis slim1-2</i> mutant, the transcript levels of <i>SULTR1;2</i> sulfate transporter and the GFP expression derived from the <i>SULTR1;2</i> promoter-GFP (<i>P<sub>SULTR1;2</sub>-GFP</i>) transgene construct were restored under −S by introducing the full-length SLIM1, but not with the C-terminal truncated forms ΔC105 and ΔC57. Furthermore, the transcript levels of −S-responsive genes were restored concomitantly with an increase in glutathione accumulation in the complementing lines with the full-length SLIM1 but not with ΔC57. The C-terminal 57 amino acids of SLIM1 were also shown to be necessary for transactivation of a −S-inducible gene, <i>SHM7/MSA1</i>, in a transient expression system using the <i>SHM7/MSA1</i> promoter-GUS as a reporter. These findings suggest that the C-terminal region is essential for the SLIM1 activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:18:24Z |
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| id | doaj.art-f60b1322c13343bdaf4c190a3ba0f28f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:18:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-f60b1322c13343bdaf4c190a3ba0f28f2023-11-23T21:30:07ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-10-011119259510.3390/plants11192595The C-Terminal Region of SLIM1 Transcription Factor Is Required for Sulfur Deficiency ResponseJustyna Piotrowska0Yuki Jodoi1Nguyen Ha Trang2Anna Wawrzynska3Hideki Takahashi4Agnieszka Sirko5Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita6Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, JapanDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, JapanInstitute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, PolandRIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, JapanInstitute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, JapanSulfur LIMitation1 (SLIM1) transcription factor coordinates gene expression in plants in response to sulfur deficiency (−S). SLIM1 belongs to the family of plant-specific EIL transcription factors with EIN3 and EIL1, which regulate the ethylene-responsive gene expression. The EIL domains consist of DNA binding and dimerization domains highly conserved among EIL family members, while the N- and C-terminal regions are structurally variable and postulated to have regulatory roles in this protein family, such that the EIN3 C-terminal region is essential for its ethylene-responsive activation. In this study, we focused on the roles of the SLIM1 C-terminal region. We examined the transactivation activity of the full-length and the truncated SLIM1 in yeast and <i>Arabidopsis</i>. The full-length SLIM1 and the truncated form of SLIM1 with a deletion of C-terminal 106 amino acids (ΔC105) transactivated the reporter gene expression in yeast when they were fused to the GAL4 DNA binding domain, whereas the deletion of additional 15 amino acids to remove the C-terminal 120 amino acids (ΔC120) eliminated such an activity, identifying the necessity of that 15-amino-acid segment for transactivation. In the <i>Arabidopsis slim1-2</i> mutant, the transcript levels of <i>SULTR1;2</i> sulfate transporter and the GFP expression derived from the <i>SULTR1;2</i> promoter-GFP (<i>P<sub>SULTR1;2</sub>-GFP</i>) transgene construct were restored under −S by introducing the full-length SLIM1, but not with the C-terminal truncated forms ΔC105 and ΔC57. Furthermore, the transcript levels of −S-responsive genes were restored concomitantly with an increase in glutathione accumulation in the complementing lines with the full-length SLIM1 but not with ΔC57. The C-terminal 57 amino acids of SLIM1 were also shown to be necessary for transactivation of a −S-inducible gene, <i>SHM7/MSA1</i>, in a transient expression system using the <i>SHM7/MSA1</i> promoter-GUS as a reporter. These findings suggest that the C-terminal region is essential for the SLIM1 activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/19/2595SLIM1 transcription factorsulfur deficiency<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>sulfate transportersulfate assimilation |
| spellingShingle | Justyna Piotrowska Yuki Jodoi Nguyen Ha Trang Anna Wawrzynska Hideki Takahashi Agnieszka Sirko Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita The C-Terminal Region of SLIM1 Transcription Factor Is Required for Sulfur Deficiency Response Plants SLIM1 transcription factor sulfur deficiency <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> sulfate transporter sulfate assimilation |
| title | The C-Terminal Region of SLIM1 Transcription Factor Is Required for Sulfur Deficiency Response |
| title_full | The C-Terminal Region of SLIM1 Transcription Factor Is Required for Sulfur Deficiency Response |
| title_fullStr | The C-Terminal Region of SLIM1 Transcription Factor Is Required for Sulfur Deficiency Response |
| title_full_unstemmed | The C-Terminal Region of SLIM1 Transcription Factor Is Required for Sulfur Deficiency Response |
| title_short | The C-Terminal Region of SLIM1 Transcription Factor Is Required for Sulfur Deficiency Response |
| title_sort | c terminal region of slim1 transcription factor is required for sulfur deficiency response |
| topic | SLIM1 transcription factor sulfur deficiency <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> sulfate transporter sulfate assimilation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/19/2595 |
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