Application of Transtheoretical Model on Behavioral Changes, and Amount of Physical Activity Among University’s Students
This study’s purpose was to examine the structural relationship of the transtheoretical model (TTM) and the amount of physical activity (PA) among undergraduate students in health and medicine at Universiti Sains Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was carried out among students who took part in the c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02402/full |
| _version_ | 1811256981027028992 |
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| author | Kien Ting Liu Yee Cheng Kueh Wan Nor Arifin Youngho Kim Garry Kuan |
| author_facet | Kien Ting Liu Yee Cheng Kueh Wan Nor Arifin Youngho Kim Garry Kuan |
| author_sort | Kien Ting Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study’s purpose was to examine the structural relationship of the transtheoretical model (TTM) and the amount of physical activity (PA) among undergraduate students in health and medicine at Universiti Sains Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was carried out among students who took part in the co-curricular program. Co-curricular program includes activities that take place outside of the regular lectures or tutorials in the University. Students recruited through purposive sampling were informed that their participation was entirely voluntarily. Those interested completed the self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of the decisional balance, processes of change, self-efficacy, stages of change scales, and Godin leisure-time exercise questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Mplus version 8 for descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling analysis for inferential statistics. A total of 562 students participated in the study. The majority of the students was female (79.0%) and Malay (73.3%) and average of exercise sessions per week was 2.62, with a mean of 43.37 min per exercise session. The final structural model fit the data well based on several fit indices (SRMR = 0.046, RMSEA (CI: 90%) = 0.061 (0.045, 0.078), RMSEA p = 0.130). The model showed that stages of change significantly affected self-efficacy (p < 0.001), pros (benefits of exercise; p < 0.001), cons (barriers to exercise; p = 0.022), and processes of change (p < 0.001). The model also showed significant inter-relationships among the TTM constructs and supported seven hypotheses. Among all the variables examined, only processes of change significantly affected PA (p < 0.001). However, stages of change (p < 0.001) and pros (p =< 0.001) had significant indirect effects on PA via processes of change. The findings support that individuals’ stages of change affect their self-efficacy level, or the ability to make positive and negative decisions and perform behavior accordingly. The study confirms that making correct decisions and taking action accordingly can increase PA levels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:49:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f61475d28ee74a3eaa1d69fb1cc1c08a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:49:29Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f61475d28ee74a3eaa1d69fb1cc1c08a2022-12-22T03:22:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782018-12-01910.3389/fpsyg.2018.02402377982Application of Transtheoretical Model on Behavioral Changes, and Amount of Physical Activity Among University’s StudentsKien Ting Liu0Yee Cheng Kueh1Wan Nor Arifin2Youngho Kim3Garry Kuan4Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Kelantan, MalaysiaUnit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Kelantan, MalaysiaUnit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Sports and Health Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South KoreaExercise and Sports Science, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Kelantan, MalaysiaThis study’s purpose was to examine the structural relationship of the transtheoretical model (TTM) and the amount of physical activity (PA) among undergraduate students in health and medicine at Universiti Sains Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was carried out among students who took part in the co-curricular program. Co-curricular program includes activities that take place outside of the regular lectures or tutorials in the University. Students recruited through purposive sampling were informed that their participation was entirely voluntarily. Those interested completed the self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of the decisional balance, processes of change, self-efficacy, stages of change scales, and Godin leisure-time exercise questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Mplus version 8 for descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling analysis for inferential statistics. A total of 562 students participated in the study. The majority of the students was female (79.0%) and Malay (73.3%) and average of exercise sessions per week was 2.62, with a mean of 43.37 min per exercise session. The final structural model fit the data well based on several fit indices (SRMR = 0.046, RMSEA (CI: 90%) = 0.061 (0.045, 0.078), RMSEA p = 0.130). The model showed that stages of change significantly affected self-efficacy (p < 0.001), pros (benefits of exercise; p < 0.001), cons (barriers to exercise; p = 0.022), and processes of change (p < 0.001). The model also showed significant inter-relationships among the TTM constructs and supported seven hypotheses. Among all the variables examined, only processes of change significantly affected PA (p < 0.001). However, stages of change (p < 0.001) and pros (p =< 0.001) had significant indirect effects on PA via processes of change. The findings support that individuals’ stages of change affect their self-efficacy level, or the ability to make positive and negative decisions and perform behavior accordingly. The study confirms that making correct decisions and taking action accordingly can increase PA levels.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02402/fulldecisional balanceprocesses of changephysical activitystructural equation modelingself-efficacytranstheoretical model |
| spellingShingle | Kien Ting Liu Yee Cheng Kueh Wan Nor Arifin Youngho Kim Garry Kuan Application of Transtheoretical Model on Behavioral Changes, and Amount of Physical Activity Among University’s Students Frontiers in Psychology decisional balance processes of change physical activity structural equation modeling self-efficacy transtheoretical model |
| title | Application of Transtheoretical Model on Behavioral Changes, and Amount of Physical Activity Among University’s Students |
| title_full | Application of Transtheoretical Model on Behavioral Changes, and Amount of Physical Activity Among University’s Students |
| title_fullStr | Application of Transtheoretical Model on Behavioral Changes, and Amount of Physical Activity Among University’s Students |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Transtheoretical Model on Behavioral Changes, and Amount of Physical Activity Among University’s Students |
| title_short | Application of Transtheoretical Model on Behavioral Changes, and Amount of Physical Activity Among University’s Students |
| title_sort | application of transtheoretical model on behavioral changes and amount of physical activity among university s students |
| topic | decisional balance processes of change physical activity structural equation modeling self-efficacy transtheoretical model |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02402/full |
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