Optimized Semi-Interpenetrated p(HEMA)/PVP Hydrogels for Artistic Surface Cleaning
The synthesis of hydrogels that are based on poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, p(HEMA), network semi-interpenetrated with linear polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was optimized in order to allow both a fast preparation and a high cleaning effectiveness of artistic surfaces. For this purpose, the synthesis pa...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/19/6739 |
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| author | Giulia Tamburini Carmen Canevali Silvia Ferrario Alberto Bianchi Antonio Sansonetti Roberto Simonutti |
| author_facet | Giulia Tamburini Carmen Canevali Silvia Ferrario Alberto Bianchi Antonio Sansonetti Roberto Simonutti |
| author_sort | Giulia Tamburini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The synthesis of hydrogels that are based on poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, p(HEMA), network semi-interpenetrated with linear polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was optimized in order to allow both a fast preparation and a high cleaning effectiveness of artistic surfaces. For this purpose, the synthesis parameters of the gel with PVP having a high molecular weight (1300 kDa) that were reported in the literature, were modified in terms of temperature, time, and crosslinker amount. In addition, the gel composition was modified by using PVP with different molecular weights, by changing the initiator and by adding maleic anhydride. The modified gels were characterized in terms of equilibrium water content (EWC), water uptake, conversion grade, and thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The cleaning effectiveness of the gels was studied through the removal of copper salts from laboratory-stained specimens. Cleaning materials were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cleaning was assessed on marble specimens by color variation measurements. The gel synthesis is accelerated by using PVP 360 kDa. The addition of maleic anhydride in the p(HEMA)/PVP network allows the most effective removal of copper salt deposits from marble since it acts as a chelator towards copper ions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:31:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f615e22eaaf84cc488546f6edbd649dd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:31:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-f615e22eaaf84cc488546f6edbd649dd2023-11-23T20:55:57ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-09-011519673910.3390/ma15196739Optimized Semi-Interpenetrated p(HEMA)/PVP Hydrogels for Artistic Surface CleaningGiulia Tamburini0Carmen Canevali1Silvia Ferrario2Alberto Bianchi3Antonio Sansonetti4Roberto Simonutti5Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, ItalyGraftonica Srl, 20148 Milan, ItalyGraftonica Srl, 20148 Milan, ItalyInstitute for Heritage Science (ISPC), National Research Council (CNR), 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, ItalyThe synthesis of hydrogels that are based on poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, p(HEMA), network semi-interpenetrated with linear polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was optimized in order to allow both a fast preparation and a high cleaning effectiveness of artistic surfaces. For this purpose, the synthesis parameters of the gel with PVP having a high molecular weight (1300 kDa) that were reported in the literature, were modified in terms of temperature, time, and crosslinker amount. In addition, the gel composition was modified by using PVP with different molecular weights, by changing the initiator and by adding maleic anhydride. The modified gels were characterized in terms of equilibrium water content (EWC), water uptake, conversion grade, and thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The cleaning effectiveness of the gels was studied through the removal of copper salts from laboratory-stained specimens. Cleaning materials were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cleaning was assessed on marble specimens by color variation measurements. The gel synthesis is accelerated by using PVP 360 kDa. The addition of maleic anhydride in the p(HEMA)/PVP network allows the most effective removal of copper salt deposits from marble since it acts as a chelator towards copper ions.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/19/6739p(HEMA)PVPcopper removalmaleic anhydridecopper chelator |
| spellingShingle | Giulia Tamburini Carmen Canevali Silvia Ferrario Alberto Bianchi Antonio Sansonetti Roberto Simonutti Optimized Semi-Interpenetrated p(HEMA)/PVP Hydrogels for Artistic Surface Cleaning Materials p(HEMA) PVP copper removal maleic anhydride copper chelator |
| title | Optimized Semi-Interpenetrated p(HEMA)/PVP Hydrogels for Artistic Surface Cleaning |
| title_full | Optimized Semi-Interpenetrated p(HEMA)/PVP Hydrogels for Artistic Surface Cleaning |
| title_fullStr | Optimized Semi-Interpenetrated p(HEMA)/PVP Hydrogels for Artistic Surface Cleaning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimized Semi-Interpenetrated p(HEMA)/PVP Hydrogels for Artistic Surface Cleaning |
| title_short | Optimized Semi-Interpenetrated p(HEMA)/PVP Hydrogels for Artistic Surface Cleaning |
| title_sort | optimized semi interpenetrated p hema pvp hydrogels for artistic surface cleaning |
| topic | p(HEMA) PVP copper removal maleic anhydride copper chelator |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/19/6739 |
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