Duckweed (Lemnaceae): Its Molecular Taxonomy
Duckweeds include the world's smallest and fastest growing flowering plants that have the capacity to produce huge biomass with a broad range of potential applications like production of feed and food, biofuel and biogas. In order to achieve optimal and sustainable commercial system, it is nece...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-12-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00117/full |
| _version_ | 1828443234521579520 |
|---|---|
| author | Manuela Bog Klaus-J. Appenroth K. Sowjanya Sree |
| author_facet | Manuela Bog Klaus-J. Appenroth K. Sowjanya Sree |
| author_sort | Manuela Bog |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Duckweeds include the world's smallest and fastest growing flowering plants that have the capacity to produce huge biomass with a broad range of potential applications like production of feed and food, biofuel and biogas. In order to achieve optimal and sustainable commercial system, it is necessary that suitable species and clones of duckweeds be identified and selected based on appropriate strategies. However, a high degree of reduction in their structural complexity poses serious problems in identification of closely related species of duckweeds, on a morphological basis. Use of molecular taxonomic tools is the present solution. The state of the art of molecular taxonomy of all the five genera of duckweeds (Spirodela, Landoltia, Lemna, Wolffiella, and Wolffia) is based mainly on the techniques of fingerprinting by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and barcoding using sequences of plastidic DNA fragments. After more than 15 years of molecular taxonomic investigations, a certain viewpoint is now available demonstrating all five genera to be monophyletic. Also, the phenetic analyses had made huge progress in delineating the currently defined 36 species of duckweeds, although, all species cannot yet be defined with confidence. Wolffiella has turned out to be the most complicated genus as only 6 to 7 species out of the 10 can be reliably delineated. Further progress in the phylogenetic and phenetic analyses requires more advanced methods like next generation and/or whole genome sequencing. First results using the method genotyping-by-sequencing in the genus Lemna (in combination with metabolomic profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) as well as AFLP and barcoding by plastidic sequences) are more promising: The species Lemna valdiviana and Lemna yungensis were united to one species, Lemna valdiviana. This reduced the total number of Lemnaceae species to 36. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:25:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f617b41f1fe543369ca57bcbbf8bcab4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2571-581X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:25:51Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems |
| spelling | doaj.art-f617b41f1fe543369ca57bcbbf8bcab42022-12-22T01:32:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems2571-581X2019-12-01310.3389/fsufs.2019.00117487709Duckweed (Lemnaceae): Its Molecular TaxonomyManuela Bog0Klaus-J. Appenroth1K. Sowjanya Sree2Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, GermanyMatthias Schleiden Institute, Plant Physiology, University of Jena, Jena, GermanyDepartment of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, IndiaDuckweeds include the world's smallest and fastest growing flowering plants that have the capacity to produce huge biomass with a broad range of potential applications like production of feed and food, biofuel and biogas. In order to achieve optimal and sustainable commercial system, it is necessary that suitable species and clones of duckweeds be identified and selected based on appropriate strategies. However, a high degree of reduction in their structural complexity poses serious problems in identification of closely related species of duckweeds, on a morphological basis. Use of molecular taxonomic tools is the present solution. The state of the art of molecular taxonomy of all the five genera of duckweeds (Spirodela, Landoltia, Lemna, Wolffiella, and Wolffia) is based mainly on the techniques of fingerprinting by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and barcoding using sequences of plastidic DNA fragments. After more than 15 years of molecular taxonomic investigations, a certain viewpoint is now available demonstrating all five genera to be monophyletic. Also, the phenetic analyses had made huge progress in delineating the currently defined 36 species of duckweeds, although, all species cannot yet be defined with confidence. Wolffiella has turned out to be the most complicated genus as only 6 to 7 species out of the 10 can be reliably delineated. Further progress in the phylogenetic and phenetic analyses requires more advanced methods like next generation and/or whole genome sequencing. First results using the method genotyping-by-sequencing in the genus Lemna (in combination with metabolomic profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) as well as AFLP and barcoding by plastidic sequences) are more promising: The species Lemna valdiviana and Lemna yungensis were united to one species, Lemna valdiviana. This reduced the total number of Lemnaceae species to 36.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00117/fullAFLPDNA-barcodingfingerprintingLandoltiaLemnaSpirodela |
| spellingShingle | Manuela Bog Klaus-J. Appenroth K. Sowjanya Sree Duckweed (Lemnaceae): Its Molecular Taxonomy Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems AFLP DNA-barcoding fingerprinting Landoltia Lemna Spirodela |
| title | Duckweed (Lemnaceae): Its Molecular Taxonomy |
| title_full | Duckweed (Lemnaceae): Its Molecular Taxonomy |
| title_fullStr | Duckweed (Lemnaceae): Its Molecular Taxonomy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Duckweed (Lemnaceae): Its Molecular Taxonomy |
| title_short | Duckweed (Lemnaceae): Its Molecular Taxonomy |
| title_sort | duckweed lemnaceae its molecular taxonomy |
| topic | AFLP DNA-barcoding fingerprinting Landoltia Lemna Spirodela |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00117/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT manuelabog duckweedlemnaceaeitsmoleculartaxonomy AT klausjappenroth duckweedlemnaceaeitsmoleculartaxonomy AT ksowjanyasree duckweedlemnaceaeitsmoleculartaxonomy |