Store-and-Forward Images in Teledermatology: Narrative Literature Review
BackgroundStore-and-forward (SAF) teledermatology uses electronically stored information, including patient photographs and demographic information, for clinical decision-making asynchronous to the patient encounter. The integration of SAF teledermatology into clinical practi...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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JMIR Publications
2022-07-01
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| Series: | JMIR Dermatology |
| Online Access: | https://derma.jmir.org/2022/3/e37517 |
| _version_ | 1797327594867130368 |
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| author | Simon W Jiang Michael Seth Flynn Jeffery T Kwock Matilda W Nicholas |
| author_facet | Simon W Jiang Michael Seth Flynn Jeffery T Kwock Matilda W Nicholas |
| author_sort | Simon W Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
BackgroundStore-and-forward (SAF) teledermatology uses electronically stored information, including patient photographs and demographic information, for clinical decision-making asynchronous to the patient encounter. The integration of SAF teledermatology into clinical practice has been increasing in recent years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this growth, data regarding the outcomes of SAF teledermatology are limited. A key distinction among current literature involves comparing the quality and utility of images obtained by patients and trained clinicians, as these metrics may vary by the clinical expertise of the photographer.
ObjectiveThis narrative literature review aimed to characterize the outcomes of SAF teledermatology through the lens of patient- versus clinician-initiated photography and highlight important future directions for and challenges of the field.
MethodsA literature search of peer-reviewed research was performed between February and April 2021. Key search terms included patient-initiated, patient-submitted, clinician-initiated, clinician-submitted, store-and-forward, asynchronous, remote, image, photograph, and teledermatology. Only studies published after 2001 in English were included. In total, 47 studies were identified from the PubMed electronic database and Google Scholar after omitting duplicate articles.
ResultsImage quality and diagnostic concordance are generally lower and more variable with patient-submitted images, which may impact their decision-making utility. SAF teledermatology can improve the efficiency of and access to care when photographs are taken by either clinicians or patients. The clinical outcomes of clinician-submitted images are comparable to those of in-person visits in the few studies that have investigated these outcomes. Coinciding with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, asynchronous teledermatology helped minimize unnecessary in-person visits in the outpatient setting, as many uncomplicated conditions could be adequately managed remotely via images captured by patients and referring clinicians. For the inpatient setting, SAF teledermatology minimized unnecessary contact during dermatology consultations, although current studies are limited by the heterogeneity of their outcomes.
ConclusionsIn general, photographs taken by trained clinicians are higher quality and have better and more relevant diagnostic and clinical outcomes. SAF teledermatology helped clinicians avoid unnecessary physical contact with patients in the outpatient and inpatient settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asynchronous teledermatology will likely play a greater role in the future as SAF images become integrated into synchronous teledermatology workflows. However, the obstacles summarized in this review should be addressed before its widespread implementation into clinical practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T06:40:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f628eabdbef54fa1b1491fc19fb52d2e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2562-0959 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T06:40:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | JMIR Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JMIR Dermatology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f628eabdbef54fa1b1491fc19fb52d2e2024-02-03T09:07:06ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR Dermatology2562-09592022-07-0153e3751710.2196/37517Store-and-Forward Images in Teledermatology: Narrative Literature ReviewSimon W Jianghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9509-9001Michael Seth Flynnhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7941-1069Jeffery T Kwockhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-2453Matilda W Nicholashttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-0529 BackgroundStore-and-forward (SAF) teledermatology uses electronically stored information, including patient photographs and demographic information, for clinical decision-making asynchronous to the patient encounter. The integration of SAF teledermatology into clinical practice has been increasing in recent years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this growth, data regarding the outcomes of SAF teledermatology are limited. A key distinction among current literature involves comparing the quality and utility of images obtained by patients and trained clinicians, as these metrics may vary by the clinical expertise of the photographer. ObjectiveThis narrative literature review aimed to characterize the outcomes of SAF teledermatology through the lens of patient- versus clinician-initiated photography and highlight important future directions for and challenges of the field. MethodsA literature search of peer-reviewed research was performed between February and April 2021. Key search terms included patient-initiated, patient-submitted, clinician-initiated, clinician-submitted, store-and-forward, asynchronous, remote, image, photograph, and teledermatology. Only studies published after 2001 in English were included. In total, 47 studies were identified from the PubMed electronic database and Google Scholar after omitting duplicate articles. ResultsImage quality and diagnostic concordance are generally lower and more variable with patient-submitted images, which may impact their decision-making utility. SAF teledermatology can improve the efficiency of and access to care when photographs are taken by either clinicians or patients. The clinical outcomes of clinician-submitted images are comparable to those of in-person visits in the few studies that have investigated these outcomes. Coinciding with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, asynchronous teledermatology helped minimize unnecessary in-person visits in the outpatient setting, as many uncomplicated conditions could be adequately managed remotely via images captured by patients and referring clinicians. For the inpatient setting, SAF teledermatology minimized unnecessary contact during dermatology consultations, although current studies are limited by the heterogeneity of their outcomes. ConclusionsIn general, photographs taken by trained clinicians are higher quality and have better and more relevant diagnostic and clinical outcomes. SAF teledermatology helped clinicians avoid unnecessary physical contact with patients in the outpatient and inpatient settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asynchronous teledermatology will likely play a greater role in the future as SAF images become integrated into synchronous teledermatology workflows. However, the obstacles summarized in this review should be addressed before its widespread implementation into clinical practice.https://derma.jmir.org/2022/3/e37517 |
| spellingShingle | Simon W Jiang Michael Seth Flynn Jeffery T Kwock Matilda W Nicholas Store-and-Forward Images in Teledermatology: Narrative Literature Review JMIR Dermatology |
| title | Store-and-Forward Images in Teledermatology: Narrative Literature Review |
| title_full | Store-and-Forward Images in Teledermatology: Narrative Literature Review |
| title_fullStr | Store-and-Forward Images in Teledermatology: Narrative Literature Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Store-and-Forward Images in Teledermatology: Narrative Literature Review |
| title_short | Store-and-Forward Images in Teledermatology: Narrative Literature Review |
| title_sort | store and forward images in teledermatology narrative literature review |
| url | https://derma.jmir.org/2022/3/e37517 |
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