An Update on Cholera Immunity and Current and Future Cholera Vaccines
Individual resistance to cholera infection and disease depends on both innate host factors and adaptive immunity acquired by a previous infection or vaccination. Locally produced, intestinal-mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies against bacterial surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigens and/or...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/6/2/64 |
| _version_ | 1797535951187083264 |
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| author | Jan Holmgren |
| author_facet | Jan Holmgren |
| author_sort | Jan Holmgren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Individual resistance to cholera infection and disease depends on both innate host factors and adaptive immunity acquired by a previous infection or vaccination. Locally produced, intestinal-mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies against bacterial surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigens and/or secreted cholera toxins are responsible for the protective adaptive immunity, in conjunction with an effective mucosal immunologic memory that can elicit a rapid anamnestic SIgA antibody response upon re-exposure to the antigen/pathogen even many years later. Oral cholera vaccines (OCVs), based on inactivated <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> whole-cell components, either together with the cholera toxin B subunit (Dukoral™) or administered alone (Shanchol™/Euvichol-Plus™) were shown to be consistently safe and effective in large field trials in all settings. These OCVs are recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) for the control of both endemic cholera and epidemic cholera outbreaks. OCVs are now a cornerstone in WHO’s global strategy found in “Ending Cholera: A Global Roadmap to 2030.” However, the forecasted global demands for OCV, estimated by the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) to 1.5 billion doses for the period 2020–2029, markedly exceed the existing manufacturing capacity. This calls for an increased production capacity of existing OCVs, as well as the rapid introduction of additional and improved vaccines under development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:52:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f650497dd41d4500baf56181928a664d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:52:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-f650497dd41d4500baf56181928a664d2023-11-21T17:37:35ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662021-04-01626410.3390/tropicalmed6020064An Update on Cholera Immunity and Current and Future Cholera VaccinesJan Holmgren0University of Gothenburg Vaccine Research Institute, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, SwedenIndividual resistance to cholera infection and disease depends on both innate host factors and adaptive immunity acquired by a previous infection or vaccination. Locally produced, intestinal-mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies against bacterial surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigens and/or secreted cholera toxins are responsible for the protective adaptive immunity, in conjunction with an effective mucosal immunologic memory that can elicit a rapid anamnestic SIgA antibody response upon re-exposure to the antigen/pathogen even many years later. Oral cholera vaccines (OCVs), based on inactivated <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> whole-cell components, either together with the cholera toxin B subunit (Dukoral™) or administered alone (Shanchol™/Euvichol-Plus™) were shown to be consistently safe and effective in large field trials in all settings. These OCVs are recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) for the control of both endemic cholera and epidemic cholera outbreaks. OCVs are now a cornerstone in WHO’s global strategy found in “Ending Cholera: A Global Roadmap to 2030.” However, the forecasted global demands for OCV, estimated by the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) to 1.5 billion doses for the period 2020–2029, markedly exceed the existing manufacturing capacity. This calls for an increased production capacity of existing OCVs, as well as the rapid introduction of additional and improved vaccines under development.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/6/2/64choleraoral cholera vaccinemucosal immunitycholera control |
| spellingShingle | Jan Holmgren An Update on Cholera Immunity and Current and Future Cholera Vaccines Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease cholera oral cholera vaccine mucosal immunity cholera control |
| title | An Update on Cholera Immunity and Current and Future Cholera Vaccines |
| title_full | An Update on Cholera Immunity and Current and Future Cholera Vaccines |
| title_fullStr | An Update on Cholera Immunity and Current and Future Cholera Vaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Update on Cholera Immunity and Current and Future Cholera Vaccines |
| title_short | An Update on Cholera Immunity and Current and Future Cholera Vaccines |
| title_sort | update on cholera immunity and current and future cholera vaccines |
| topic | cholera oral cholera vaccine mucosal immunity cholera control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/6/2/64 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT janholmgren anupdateoncholeraimmunityandcurrentandfuturecholeravaccines AT janholmgren updateoncholeraimmunityandcurrentandfuturecholeravaccines |