The Role of AhR in the Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Friend and Foe
In recent years, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, has been considered to be involved in aging phenotypes across several species. This receptor is a highly conserved biosensor that is activated by numerous exogenous and endogenous molecules, including microbio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/10/2729 |
| _version_ | 1797515043566256128 |
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| author | Emmanuel S. Ojo Shelley A. Tischkau |
| author_facet | Emmanuel S. Ojo Shelley A. Tischkau |
| author_sort | Emmanuel S. Ojo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, has been considered to be involved in aging phenotypes across several species. This receptor is a highly conserved biosensor that is activated by numerous exogenous and endogenous molecules, including microbiota metabolites, to mediate several physiological and toxicological functions. Brain aging hallmarks, which include glial cell activation and inflammation, increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence, increase the vulnerability of humans to various neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, many studies have implicated AhR signaling pathways in the aging process and longevity across several species. This review provides an overview of the impact of AhR pathways on various aging hallmarks in the brain and the implications for AhR signaling as a mechanism in regulating aging-related diseases of the brain. We also explore how the nature of AhR ligands determines the outcomes of several signaling pathways in brain aging processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:40:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f650fdd3ad5d4c65a8d4fff04c41f82f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:40:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-f650fdd3ad5d4c65a8d4fff04c41f82f2023-11-22T17:48:14ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-10-011010272910.3390/cells10102729The Role of AhR in the Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Friend and FoeEmmanuel S. Ojo0Shelley A. Tischkau1Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL 62901, USADepartment of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL 62901, USAIn recent years, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, has been considered to be involved in aging phenotypes across several species. This receptor is a highly conserved biosensor that is activated by numerous exogenous and endogenous molecules, including microbiota metabolites, to mediate several physiological and toxicological functions. Brain aging hallmarks, which include glial cell activation and inflammation, increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence, increase the vulnerability of humans to various neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, many studies have implicated AhR signaling pathways in the aging process and longevity across several species. This review provides an overview of the impact of AhR pathways on various aging hallmarks in the brain and the implications for AhR signaling as a mechanism in regulating aging-related diseases of the brain. We also explore how the nature of AhR ligands determines the outcomes of several signaling pathways in brain aging processes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/10/2729aryl hydrocarbon receptorAhR endogenous/exogenous ligandsbrain aging hallmarksneurodegenerative diseases |
| spellingShingle | Emmanuel S. Ojo Shelley A. Tischkau The Role of AhR in the Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Friend and Foe Cells aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR endogenous/exogenous ligands brain aging hallmarks neurodegenerative diseases |
| title | The Role of AhR in the Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Friend and Foe |
| title_full | The Role of AhR in the Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Friend and Foe |
| title_fullStr | The Role of AhR in the Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Friend and Foe |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of AhR in the Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Friend and Foe |
| title_short | The Role of AhR in the Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Friend and Foe |
| title_sort | role of ahr in the hallmarks of brain aging friend and foe |
| topic | aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR endogenous/exogenous ligands brain aging hallmarks neurodegenerative diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/10/2729 |
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