Process-Induced Morphology of Poly(Butylene Adipate Terephthalate)/Poly(Lactic Acid) Blown Extrusion Films Modified with Chain-Extending Cross-Linkers
Process-induced changes in the morphology of biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) blends modified with various multifunctional chain-extending cross-linkers (CECLs) are presented. The morphology of unmodified and modified films produced with blown film ex...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/10/1939 |
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| author | Juliana V. C. Azevedo Esther Ramakers-van Dorp Roman Grimmig Berenika Hausnerova Bernhard Möginger |
| author_facet | Juliana V. C. Azevedo Esther Ramakers-van Dorp Roman Grimmig Berenika Hausnerova Bernhard Möginger |
| author_sort | Juliana V. C. Azevedo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Process-induced changes in the morphology of biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) blends modified with various multifunctional chain-extending cross-linkers (CECLs) are presented. The morphology of unmodified and modified films produced with blown film extrusion is examined in an extrusion direction (ED) and a transverse direction (TD). While FTIR analysis showed only small peak shifts indicating that the CECLs modify the molecular weight of the PBAT/PLA blend, SEM investigations of the fracture surfaces of blown extrusion films revealed their significant effect on the morphology formed during the processing. Due to the combined shear and elongation deformation during blown film extrusion, rather spherical PLA islands were partly transformed into long fibrils, which tended to decay to chains of elliptical islands if cooled slowly. The CECL introduction into the blend changed the thickness of the PLA fibrils, modified the interface adhesion, and altered the deformation behavior of the PBAT matrix from brittle to ductile. The results proved that CECLs react selectively with PBAT, PLA, and their interface. Furthermore, the reactions of CECLs with PBAT/PLA induced by the processing depended on the deformation directions (ED and TD), thus resulting in further non-uniformities of blown extrusion films. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:02:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f667673bfd774a03838219ad5ee4f8ec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:02:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-f667673bfd774a03838219ad5ee4f8ec2023-11-23T12:44:19ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-05-011410193910.3390/polym14101939Process-Induced Morphology of Poly(Butylene Adipate Terephthalate)/Poly(Lactic Acid) Blown Extrusion Films Modified with Chain-Extending Cross-LinkersJuliana V. C. Azevedo0Esther Ramakers-van Dorp1Roman Grimmig2Berenika Hausnerova3Bernhard Möginger4Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavreckova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech RepublicDepartment of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von Liebig Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, GermanyDepartment of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von Liebig Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, GermanyFaculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavreckova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech RepublicDepartment of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von Liebig Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, GermanyProcess-induced changes in the morphology of biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) blends modified with various multifunctional chain-extending cross-linkers (CECLs) are presented. The morphology of unmodified and modified films produced with blown film extrusion is examined in an extrusion direction (ED) and a transverse direction (TD). While FTIR analysis showed only small peak shifts indicating that the CECLs modify the molecular weight of the PBAT/PLA blend, SEM investigations of the fracture surfaces of blown extrusion films revealed their significant effect on the morphology formed during the processing. Due to the combined shear and elongation deformation during blown film extrusion, rather spherical PLA islands were partly transformed into long fibrils, which tended to decay to chains of elliptical islands if cooled slowly. The CECL introduction into the blend changed the thickness of the PLA fibrils, modified the interface adhesion, and altered the deformation behavior of the PBAT matrix from brittle to ductile. The results proved that CECLs react selectively with PBAT, PLA, and their interface. Furthermore, the reactions of CECLs with PBAT/PLA induced by the processing depended on the deformation directions (ED and TD), thus resulting in further non-uniformities of blown extrusion films.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/10/1939poly(butylene adipate terephthalate)poly(lactic acid)chain-extending cross-linkerprocess-induced morphologyblown film extrusion |
| spellingShingle | Juliana V. C. Azevedo Esther Ramakers-van Dorp Roman Grimmig Berenika Hausnerova Bernhard Möginger Process-Induced Morphology of Poly(Butylene Adipate Terephthalate)/Poly(Lactic Acid) Blown Extrusion Films Modified with Chain-Extending Cross-Linkers Polymers poly(butylene adipate terephthalate) poly(lactic acid) chain-extending cross-linker process-induced morphology blown film extrusion |
| title | Process-Induced Morphology of Poly(Butylene Adipate Terephthalate)/Poly(Lactic Acid) Blown Extrusion Films Modified with Chain-Extending Cross-Linkers |
| title_full | Process-Induced Morphology of Poly(Butylene Adipate Terephthalate)/Poly(Lactic Acid) Blown Extrusion Films Modified with Chain-Extending Cross-Linkers |
| title_fullStr | Process-Induced Morphology of Poly(Butylene Adipate Terephthalate)/Poly(Lactic Acid) Blown Extrusion Films Modified with Chain-Extending Cross-Linkers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Process-Induced Morphology of Poly(Butylene Adipate Terephthalate)/Poly(Lactic Acid) Blown Extrusion Films Modified with Chain-Extending Cross-Linkers |
| title_short | Process-Induced Morphology of Poly(Butylene Adipate Terephthalate)/Poly(Lactic Acid) Blown Extrusion Films Modified with Chain-Extending Cross-Linkers |
| title_sort | process induced morphology of poly butylene adipate terephthalate poly lactic acid blown extrusion films modified with chain extending cross linkers |
| topic | poly(butylene adipate terephthalate) poly(lactic acid) chain-extending cross-linker process-induced morphology blown film extrusion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/10/1939 |
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