Tissue Niches Formed by Intestinal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Mucosal Homeostasis and Immunity
The gastrointestinal tract is the largest mucosal surface in our body and accommodates the majority of the total lymphocyte population. Being continuously exposed to both harmless antigens and potentially threatening pathogens, the intestinal mucosa requires the integration of multiple signals for b...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/5181 |
| _version_ | 1797504384677969920 |
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| author | Maria Pasztoi Caspar Ohnmacht |
| author_facet | Maria Pasztoi Caspar Ohnmacht |
| author_sort | Maria Pasztoi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The gastrointestinal tract is the largest mucosal surface in our body and accommodates the majority of the total lymphocyte population. Being continuously exposed to both harmless antigens and potentially threatening pathogens, the intestinal mucosa requires the integration of multiple signals for balancing immune responses. This integration is certainly supported by tissue-resident intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs), yet the molecular mechanisms whereby IMCs contribute to these events remain largely undefined. Recent studies using single-cell profiling technologies indicated a previously unappreciated heterogeneity of IMCs and provided further knowledge which will help to understand dynamic interactions between IMCs and hematopoietic cells of the intestinal mucosa. In this review, we focus on recent findings on the immunological functions of IMCs: On one hand, we discuss the steady-state interactions of IMCs with epithelial cells and hematopoietic cells. On the other hand, we summarize our current knowledge about the contribution of IMCs to the development of intestinal inflammatory conditions, such as infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and fibrosis. By providing a comprehensive list of cytokines and chemokines produced by IMCs under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, we highlight the significant immunomodulatory and tissue niche forming capacities of IMCs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:03:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f667b60c93a244d9b4a927cd331c0f23 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:03:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f667b60c93a244d9b4a927cd331c0f232023-11-23T08:28:16ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-05-01239518110.3390/ijms23095181Tissue Niches Formed by Intestinal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Mucosal Homeostasis and ImmunityMaria Pasztoi0Caspar Ohnmacht1Institute of Allergy Research, Centre of Allergy and Environment, Technical University and Helmholtz Centre Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyInstitute of Allergy Research, Centre of Allergy and Environment, Technical University and Helmholtz Centre Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyThe gastrointestinal tract is the largest mucosal surface in our body and accommodates the majority of the total lymphocyte population. Being continuously exposed to both harmless antigens and potentially threatening pathogens, the intestinal mucosa requires the integration of multiple signals for balancing immune responses. This integration is certainly supported by tissue-resident intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs), yet the molecular mechanisms whereby IMCs contribute to these events remain largely undefined. Recent studies using single-cell profiling technologies indicated a previously unappreciated heterogeneity of IMCs and provided further knowledge which will help to understand dynamic interactions between IMCs and hematopoietic cells of the intestinal mucosa. In this review, we focus on recent findings on the immunological functions of IMCs: On one hand, we discuss the steady-state interactions of IMCs with epithelial cells and hematopoietic cells. On the other hand, we summarize our current knowledge about the contribution of IMCs to the development of intestinal inflammatory conditions, such as infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and fibrosis. By providing a comprehensive list of cytokines and chemokines produced by IMCs under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, we highlight the significant immunomodulatory and tissue niche forming capacities of IMCs.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/5181mesenchymal cellsfibroblastsintestinal lamina propriamucosal immunitytissue nichestolerance |
| spellingShingle | Maria Pasztoi Caspar Ohnmacht Tissue Niches Formed by Intestinal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Mucosal Homeostasis and Immunity International Journal of Molecular Sciences mesenchymal cells fibroblasts intestinal lamina propria mucosal immunity tissue niches tolerance |
| title | Tissue Niches Formed by Intestinal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Mucosal Homeostasis and Immunity |
| title_full | Tissue Niches Formed by Intestinal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Mucosal Homeostasis and Immunity |
| title_fullStr | Tissue Niches Formed by Intestinal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Mucosal Homeostasis and Immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tissue Niches Formed by Intestinal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Mucosal Homeostasis and Immunity |
| title_short | Tissue Niches Formed by Intestinal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Mucosal Homeostasis and Immunity |
| title_sort | tissue niches formed by intestinal mesenchymal stromal cells in mucosal homeostasis and immunity |
| topic | mesenchymal cells fibroblasts intestinal lamina propria mucosal immunity tissue niches tolerance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/5181 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariapasztoi tissuenichesformedbyintestinalmesenchymalstromalcellsinmucosalhomeostasisandimmunity AT casparohnmacht tissuenichesformedbyintestinalmesenchymalstromalcellsinmucosalhomeostasisandimmunity |