Antimicrobial Resistance: Is There a ‘Light’ at the End of the Tunnel?
In recent years, with the increases in microorganisms that express a multitude of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms, the threat of antimicrobial resistance in the global population has reached critical levels. The introduction of the COVID-19 pandemic has further contributed to the influx of...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/9/1437 |
| _version_ | 1797581541102059520 |
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| author | Leon G. Leanse Sanjay Marasini Carolina dos Anjos Tianhong Dai |
| author_facet | Leon G. Leanse Sanjay Marasini Carolina dos Anjos Tianhong Dai |
| author_sort | Leon G. Leanse |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, with the increases in microorganisms that express a multitude of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms, the threat of antimicrobial resistance in the global population has reached critical levels. The introduction of the COVID-19 pandemic has further contributed to the influx of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), which has placed significant pressure on healthcare systems. For over a century, the potential for light-based approaches targeted at combatting both cancer and infectious diseases has been proposed. They offer effective killing of microbial pathogens, regardless of AMR status, and have not typically been associated with high propensities of resistance development. To that end, the goal of this review is to describe the different mechanisms that drive AMR, including intrinsic, phenotypic, and acquired resistance mechanisms. Additionally, the different light-based approaches, including antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), antimicrobial blue light (aBL), and ultraviolet (UV) light, will be discussed as potential alternatives or adjunct therapies with conventional antimicrobials. Lastly, we will evaluate the feasibility and requirements associated with integration of light-based approaches into the clinical pipeline. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:07:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f66888768f9748b398cf9d7b597bccbb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:07:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-f66888768f9748b398cf9d7b597bccbb2023-11-19T09:17:46ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-09-01129143710.3390/antibiotics12091437Antimicrobial Resistance: Is There a ‘Light’ at the End of the Tunnel?Leon G. Leanse0Sanjay Marasini1Carolina dos Anjos2Tianhong Dai3Health and Sports Sciences Hub, University of Gibraltar, Europa Point Campus, Gibraltar GX11 1AA, GibraltarNew Zealand National Eye Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New ZealandWellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USAWellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USAIn recent years, with the increases in microorganisms that express a multitude of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms, the threat of antimicrobial resistance in the global population has reached critical levels. The introduction of the COVID-19 pandemic has further contributed to the influx of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), which has placed significant pressure on healthcare systems. For over a century, the potential for light-based approaches targeted at combatting both cancer and infectious diseases has been proposed. They offer effective killing of microbial pathogens, regardless of AMR status, and have not typically been associated with high propensities of resistance development. To that end, the goal of this review is to describe the different mechanisms that drive AMR, including intrinsic, phenotypic, and acquired resistance mechanisms. Additionally, the different light-based approaches, including antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), antimicrobial blue light (aBL), and ultraviolet (UV) light, will be discussed as potential alternatives or adjunct therapies with conventional antimicrobials. Lastly, we will evaluate the feasibility and requirements associated with integration of light-based approaches into the clinical pipeline.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/9/1437antimicrobial resistanceintrinsic resistancephenotypic resistanceacquired resistancephototherapyphotodynamic therapy |
| spellingShingle | Leon G. Leanse Sanjay Marasini Carolina dos Anjos Tianhong Dai Antimicrobial Resistance: Is There a ‘Light’ at the End of the Tunnel? Antibiotics antimicrobial resistance intrinsic resistance phenotypic resistance acquired resistance phototherapy photodynamic therapy |
| title | Antimicrobial Resistance: Is There a ‘Light’ at the End of the Tunnel? |
| title_full | Antimicrobial Resistance: Is There a ‘Light’ at the End of the Tunnel? |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial Resistance: Is There a ‘Light’ at the End of the Tunnel? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial Resistance: Is There a ‘Light’ at the End of the Tunnel? |
| title_short | Antimicrobial Resistance: Is There a ‘Light’ at the End of the Tunnel? |
| title_sort | antimicrobial resistance is there a light at the end of the tunnel |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance intrinsic resistance phenotypic resistance acquired resistance phototherapy photodynamic therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/9/1437 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leongleanse antimicrobialresistanceistherealightattheendofthetunnel AT sanjaymarasini antimicrobialresistanceistherealightattheendofthetunnel AT carolinadosanjos antimicrobialresistanceistherealightattheendofthetunnel AT tianhongdai antimicrobialresistanceistherealightattheendofthetunnel |