A cell death assay in barley and wheat protoplasts for identification and validation of matching pathogen AVR effector and plant NLR immune receptors
Abstract Background Plant disease resistance to host-adapted pathogens is often mediated by host nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors that detect matching pathogen avirulence effectors (AVR) inside plant cells. AVR-triggered NLR activation is typically associated with a rapid h...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Plant Methods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13007-019-0502-0 |
| _version_ | 1811223479608934400 |
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| author | Isabel M. L. Saur Saskia Bauer Xunli Lu Paul Schulze-Lefert |
| author_facet | Isabel M. L. Saur Saskia Bauer Xunli Lu Paul Schulze-Lefert |
| author_sort | Isabel M. L. Saur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Plant disease resistance to host-adapted pathogens is often mediated by host nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors that detect matching pathogen avirulence effectors (AVR) inside plant cells. AVR-triggered NLR activation is typically associated with a rapid host cell death at sites of attempted infection and this response constitutes a widely used surrogate for NLR activation. However, it is challenging to assess this cell death in cereal hosts. Results Here we quantify cell death upon NLR-mediated recognition of fungal pathogen AVRs in mesophyll leaf protoplasts of barley and wheat. We provide measurements for the recognition of the fungal AVRs AvrSr50 and AVR a1 by their respective cereal NLRs Sr50 and Mla1 upon overexpression of the AVR and NLR pairs in mesophyll protoplast of both, wheat and barley. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that the here described approach can be effectively used to detect and quantify death of wheat and barley cells induced by overexpression of NLR and AVR effectors or AVR effector candidate genes from diverse fungal pathogens within 24 h. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T08:33:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f668fd7dbd1c441e8b18d2f250a41deb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-4811 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T08:33:32Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plant Methods |
| spelling | doaj.art-f668fd7dbd1c441e8b18d2f250a41deb2022-12-22T03:40:07ZengBMCPlant Methods1746-48112019-10-0115111710.1186/s13007-019-0502-0A cell death assay in barley and wheat protoplasts for identification and validation of matching pathogen AVR effector and plant NLR immune receptorsIsabel M. L. Saur0Saskia Bauer1Xunli Lu2Paul Schulze-Lefert3Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchDepartment of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchDepartment of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchDepartment of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchAbstract Background Plant disease resistance to host-adapted pathogens is often mediated by host nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors that detect matching pathogen avirulence effectors (AVR) inside plant cells. AVR-triggered NLR activation is typically associated with a rapid host cell death at sites of attempted infection and this response constitutes a widely used surrogate for NLR activation. However, it is challenging to assess this cell death in cereal hosts. Results Here we quantify cell death upon NLR-mediated recognition of fungal pathogen AVRs in mesophyll leaf protoplasts of barley and wheat. We provide measurements for the recognition of the fungal AVRs AvrSr50 and AVR a1 by their respective cereal NLRs Sr50 and Mla1 upon overexpression of the AVR and NLR pairs in mesophyll protoplast of both, wheat and barley. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that the here described approach can be effectively used to detect and quantify death of wheat and barley cells induced by overexpression of NLR and AVR effectors or AVR effector candidate genes from diverse fungal pathogens within 24 h.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13007-019-0502-0NLR-type immune receptorPathogen avirulence effectorCell deathRace-specific disease resistanceBarleyWheat |
| spellingShingle | Isabel M. L. Saur Saskia Bauer Xunli Lu Paul Schulze-Lefert A cell death assay in barley and wheat protoplasts for identification and validation of matching pathogen AVR effector and plant NLR immune receptors Plant Methods NLR-type immune receptor Pathogen avirulence effector Cell death Race-specific disease resistance Barley Wheat |
| title | A cell death assay in barley and wheat protoplasts for identification and validation of matching pathogen AVR effector and plant NLR immune receptors |
| title_full | A cell death assay in barley and wheat protoplasts for identification and validation of matching pathogen AVR effector and plant NLR immune receptors |
| title_fullStr | A cell death assay in barley and wheat protoplasts for identification and validation of matching pathogen AVR effector and plant NLR immune receptors |
| title_full_unstemmed | A cell death assay in barley and wheat protoplasts for identification and validation of matching pathogen AVR effector and plant NLR immune receptors |
| title_short | A cell death assay in barley and wheat protoplasts for identification and validation of matching pathogen AVR effector and plant NLR immune receptors |
| title_sort | cell death assay in barley and wheat protoplasts for identification and validation of matching pathogen avr effector and plant nlr immune receptors |
| topic | NLR-type immune receptor Pathogen avirulence effector Cell death Race-specific disease resistance Barley Wheat |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13007-019-0502-0 |
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