Sustainable Management of Green Mold Disease of White Button Mushroom Using Botanicals and Biocontrol Agents under Temperate Conditions
Green mold (caused by <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>) is a destructive disease in mushrooms which limits commercial production. The present investigation was carried out to verify the in vitro and in vivo effect of locally available botanicals and bacterial biocontrol agents against this d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/9/768 |
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| author | Suhail Altaf Shaheen Kousar Jan Umer Basu Shafat Ahmad Ahanger Anand Dave Sardar Singh Kakraliya Alaa Baazeem Ajay Kumar Mishra Anupam Kumar Immad Ahmad Shah Muntazir Mushtaq |
| author_facet | Suhail Altaf Shaheen Kousar Jan Umer Basu Shafat Ahmad Ahanger Anand Dave Sardar Singh Kakraliya Alaa Baazeem Ajay Kumar Mishra Anupam Kumar Immad Ahmad Shah Muntazir Mushtaq |
| author_sort | Suhail Altaf |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Green mold (caused by <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>) is a destructive disease in mushrooms which limits commercial production. The present investigation was carried out to verify the in vitro and in vivo effect of locally available botanicals and bacterial biocontrol agents against this disease. The in vitro evaluation of ethanol extract of botanicals against mycelial growth of <i>T. harzianum</i> at 1, 2, and 3% concentrations showed that <i>Juglans regia</i> and <i>Allium sativum</i> exhibited maximum mycelial growth inhibition of 84.9 and 79.8%, respectively. When the same botanicals were tested against the mycelial growth of <i>A. bisporus</i>, it was observed that <i>J. regia</i>, <i>Curcuma longa</i>, and <i>Azadirachta mellea</i> were least inhibitory (4.66–7.4%). From the in vivo evaluation of plant botanicals at 2% concentration, <i>J. regia</i> and <i>C. longa</i> had the highest average weight (11.8–11.9 g) of a single fruit body and a combined button yield of 11.3–11.9 kg/quintal compost. Among the bacterial bioagents evaluated <i>in vitro</i>, <i>Pseudomonas flourescens</i>, <i>Azotobacter</i> sp., and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> displayed stimulatory effects of varying degrees on the mycelial growth of <i>A. bisporus</i> but exhibited antagonistic effects on <i>T. harzianum</i>. <i>B. subtilis-</i>38, and <i>P. flourescens</i>-104. <i>Azotobacter</i>-108 caused the highest mycelial growth inhibition of 97.6, 97.4, and 90.3% of <i>T. harzianum</i>, respectively. The current study reveals that the integration of botanical and bacterial antagonists in pathogen-infested white button mushroom casing reduces green mold infection with corresponding yield gains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:52:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f679c2b4d8a14075af77be4dd4a63441 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:52:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-f679c2b4d8a14075af77be4dd4a634412023-11-23T16:33:19ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242022-08-018976810.3390/horticulturae8090768Sustainable Management of Green Mold Disease of White Button Mushroom Using Botanicals and Biocontrol Agents under Temperate ConditionsSuhail Altaf0Shaheen Kousar Jan1Umer Basu2Shafat Ahmad Ahanger3Anand Dave4Sardar Singh Kakraliya5Alaa Baazeem6Ajay Kumar Mishra7Anupam Kumar8Immad Ahmad Shah9Muntazir Mushtaq10Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 190025, IndiaDivision of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 190025, IndiaDivision of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IndiaDivision of Plant Pathology, FoA, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Wadura, Sopore 193201, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, IndiaIndian Institute of Integrated Medicine, CSIR, Jammu 180001, IndiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Centre for Protection Cultivation Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IndiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDivision of Agriculture Statistics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 190025, IndiaSchool of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chatha, Jammu 180009, IndiaGreen mold (caused by <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>) is a destructive disease in mushrooms which limits commercial production. The present investigation was carried out to verify the in vitro and in vivo effect of locally available botanicals and bacterial biocontrol agents against this disease. The in vitro evaluation of ethanol extract of botanicals against mycelial growth of <i>T. harzianum</i> at 1, 2, and 3% concentrations showed that <i>Juglans regia</i> and <i>Allium sativum</i> exhibited maximum mycelial growth inhibition of 84.9 and 79.8%, respectively. When the same botanicals were tested against the mycelial growth of <i>A. bisporus</i>, it was observed that <i>J. regia</i>, <i>Curcuma longa</i>, and <i>Azadirachta mellea</i> were least inhibitory (4.66–7.4%). From the in vivo evaluation of plant botanicals at 2% concentration, <i>J. regia</i> and <i>C. longa</i> had the highest average weight (11.8–11.9 g) of a single fruit body and a combined button yield of 11.3–11.9 kg/quintal compost. Among the bacterial bioagents evaluated <i>in vitro</i>, <i>Pseudomonas flourescens</i>, <i>Azotobacter</i> sp., and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> displayed stimulatory effects of varying degrees on the mycelial growth of <i>A. bisporus</i> but exhibited antagonistic effects on <i>T. harzianum</i>. <i>B. subtilis-</i>38, and <i>P. flourescens</i>-104. <i>Azotobacter</i>-108 caused the highest mycelial growth inhibition of 97.6, 97.4, and 90.3% of <i>T. harzianum</i>, respectively. The current study reveals that the integration of botanical and bacterial antagonists in pathogen-infested white button mushroom casing reduces green mold infection with corresponding yield gains.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/9/768<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>antagonistsbiological control agentsbotanicals<i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> |
| spellingShingle | Suhail Altaf Shaheen Kousar Jan Umer Basu Shafat Ahmad Ahanger Anand Dave Sardar Singh Kakraliya Alaa Baazeem Ajay Kumar Mishra Anupam Kumar Immad Ahmad Shah Muntazir Mushtaq Sustainable Management of Green Mold Disease of White Button Mushroom Using Botanicals and Biocontrol Agents under Temperate Conditions Horticulturae <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> antagonists biological control agents botanicals <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> |
| title | Sustainable Management of Green Mold Disease of White Button Mushroom Using Botanicals and Biocontrol Agents under Temperate Conditions |
| title_full | Sustainable Management of Green Mold Disease of White Button Mushroom Using Botanicals and Biocontrol Agents under Temperate Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable Management of Green Mold Disease of White Button Mushroom Using Botanicals and Biocontrol Agents under Temperate Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable Management of Green Mold Disease of White Button Mushroom Using Botanicals and Biocontrol Agents under Temperate Conditions |
| title_short | Sustainable Management of Green Mold Disease of White Button Mushroom Using Botanicals and Biocontrol Agents under Temperate Conditions |
| title_sort | sustainable management of green mold disease of white button mushroom using botanicals and biocontrol agents under temperate conditions |
| topic | <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> antagonists biological control agents botanicals <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/9/768 |
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