Reliance of Host-Encoded Regulators of Retromobility on Ty1 Promoter Activity or Architecture
The Ty1 retrotransposon family is maintained in a functional but dormant state by its host, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several hundred RHF and RTT genes encoding co-factors and restrictors of Ty1 retromobility, respectively, have been identified. Well-characterized examples include MED3 and MED15, en...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2022.896215/full |
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| author | Alicia C. Salinero Alicia C. Salinero Simey Emerson Tayla C. Cormier John Yin Randall H. Morse Randall H. Morse M. Joan Curcio M. Joan Curcio |
| author_facet | Alicia C. Salinero Alicia C. Salinero Simey Emerson Tayla C. Cormier John Yin Randall H. Morse Randall H. Morse M. Joan Curcio M. Joan Curcio |
| author_sort | Alicia C. Salinero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Ty1 retrotransposon family is maintained in a functional but dormant state by its host, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several hundred RHF and RTT genes encoding co-factors and restrictors of Ty1 retromobility, respectively, have been identified. Well-characterized examples include MED3 and MED15, encoding subunits of the Mediator transcriptional co-activator complex; control of retromobility by Med3 and Med15 requires the Ty1 promoter in the U3 region of the long terminal repeat. To characterize the U3-dependence of other Ty1 regulators, we screened a library of 188 known rhf and rtt mutants for altered retromobility of Ty1his3AI expressed from the strong, TATA-less TEF1 promoter or the weak, TATA-containing U3 promoter. Two classes of genes, each including both RHFs and RTTs, were identified. The first class comprising 82 genes that regulated Ty1his3AI retromobility independently of U3 is enriched for RHF genes that restrict the G1 phase of the cell cycle and those involved in transcriptional elongation and mRNA catabolism. The second class of 51 genes regulated retromobility of Ty1his3AI driven only from the U3 promoter. Nineteen U3-dependent regulators (U3DRs) also controlled retromobility of Ty1his3AI driven by the weak, TATA-less PSP2 promoter, suggesting reliance on the low activity of U3. Thirty-one U3DRs failed to modulate PPSP2-Ty1his3AI retromobility, suggesting dependence on the architecture of U3. To further investigate the U3-dependency of Ty1 regulators, we developed a novel fluorescence-based assay to monitor expression of p22-Gag, a restriction factor expressed from the internal Ty1i promoter. Many U3DRs had minimal effects on levels of Ty1 RNA, Ty1i RNA or p22-Gag. These findings uncover a role for the Ty1 promoter in integrating signals from diverse host factors to modulate Ty1 RNA biogenesis or fate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:31:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f67f326371e141368fdd4062ddb64dae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-889X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:31:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f67f326371e141368fdd4062ddb64dae2022-12-22T02:46:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2022-07-01910.3389/fmolb.2022.896215896215Reliance of Host-Encoded Regulators of Retromobility on Ty1 Promoter Activity or ArchitectureAlicia C. Salinero0Alicia C. Salinero1Simey Emerson2Tayla C. Cormier3John Yin4Randall H. Morse5Randall H. Morse6M. Joan Curcio7M. Joan Curcio8Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United StatesLaboratory of Molecular Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United StatesLaboratory of Molecular Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United StatesLaboratory of Molecular Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United StatesLaboratory of Molecular Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United StatesLaboratory of Molecular Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United StatesThe Ty1 retrotransposon family is maintained in a functional but dormant state by its host, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several hundred RHF and RTT genes encoding co-factors and restrictors of Ty1 retromobility, respectively, have been identified. Well-characterized examples include MED3 and MED15, encoding subunits of the Mediator transcriptional co-activator complex; control of retromobility by Med3 and Med15 requires the Ty1 promoter in the U3 region of the long terminal repeat. To characterize the U3-dependence of other Ty1 regulators, we screened a library of 188 known rhf and rtt mutants for altered retromobility of Ty1his3AI expressed from the strong, TATA-less TEF1 promoter or the weak, TATA-containing U3 promoter. Two classes of genes, each including both RHFs and RTTs, were identified. The first class comprising 82 genes that regulated Ty1his3AI retromobility independently of U3 is enriched for RHF genes that restrict the G1 phase of the cell cycle and those involved in transcriptional elongation and mRNA catabolism. The second class of 51 genes regulated retromobility of Ty1his3AI driven only from the U3 promoter. Nineteen U3-dependent regulators (U3DRs) also controlled retromobility of Ty1his3AI driven by the weak, TATA-less PSP2 promoter, suggesting reliance on the low activity of U3. Thirty-one U3DRs failed to modulate PPSP2-Ty1his3AI retromobility, suggesting dependence on the architecture of U3. To further investigate the U3-dependency of Ty1 regulators, we developed a novel fluorescence-based assay to monitor expression of p22-Gag, a restriction factor expressed from the internal Ty1i promoter. Many U3DRs had minimal effects on levels of Ty1 RNA, Ty1i RNA or p22-Gag. These findings uncover a role for the Ty1 promoter in integrating signals from diverse host factors to modulate Ty1 RNA biogenesis or fate.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2022.896215/fullTy1retrotransposonlong terminal repeatpromoterretromobilityco-factor |
| spellingShingle | Alicia C. Salinero Alicia C. Salinero Simey Emerson Tayla C. Cormier John Yin Randall H. Morse Randall H. Morse M. Joan Curcio M. Joan Curcio Reliance of Host-Encoded Regulators of Retromobility on Ty1 Promoter Activity or Architecture Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences Ty1 retrotransposon long terminal repeat promoter retromobility co-factor |
| title | Reliance of Host-Encoded Regulators of Retromobility on Ty1 Promoter Activity or Architecture |
| title_full | Reliance of Host-Encoded Regulators of Retromobility on Ty1 Promoter Activity or Architecture |
| title_fullStr | Reliance of Host-Encoded Regulators of Retromobility on Ty1 Promoter Activity or Architecture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reliance of Host-Encoded Regulators of Retromobility on Ty1 Promoter Activity or Architecture |
| title_short | Reliance of Host-Encoded Regulators of Retromobility on Ty1 Promoter Activity or Architecture |
| title_sort | reliance of host encoded regulators of retromobility on ty1 promoter activity or architecture |
| topic | Ty1 retrotransposon long terminal repeat promoter retromobility co-factor |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2022.896215/full |
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