| 总结: | Alternative energy and natural gas not burning of fossil fuels, leads to environmental sustainability. The study examined the role of alternative and nuclear energy in stimulating environmental sustainability while considering the role played by the government expenditure in the BRICS bloc over the period 1990-2021. The study confirmed that environmental sustainability received significant attention from researchers in different countries worldwide. The study found that GDP has a negative impact on carbon dioxide emissions, while alternative energy, government consumption expenditure and natural resources have a positive relationship with carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, BRICS countries should invest in new technologies to cater for environmental sustainability.
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