Rate of Nitrogen Rather Than Timing of Application Influence Yield and NUE of Canola in South Australian Mediterranean Environments
Canola has a high nitrogen requirement and optimal nitrogen (N) management in environments with variable rainfall is a challenge. This study investigated the impact of timing of N as a single or split application at different growth stages on seed yield, N uptake and water-use efficiency in canola....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/10/1505 |
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| author | Amritbir Riar Gurjeet Gill Glenn K. McDonald |
| author_facet | Amritbir Riar Gurjeet Gill Glenn K. McDonald |
| author_sort | Amritbir Riar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Canola has a high nitrogen requirement and optimal nitrogen (N) management in environments with variable rainfall is a challenge. This study investigated the impact of timing of N as a single or split application at different growth stages on seed yield, N uptake and water-use efficiency in canola. Nitrogen rates of 100 and 200 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> were applied after sowing when two leaves were unfolded or equally split between the rosette, green bud and first flower stages. The experiments were conducted at two sites with contrasting rainfall and a supplementary irrigation treatment at the low rainfall site, generating a third environment. Nitrogen application increased seed yield by up to 20% at a high rainfall site and by up to 77% at a medium rainfall site, but the timing of N did not significantly affect the yield response to N. Seed yield was closely associated with total dry matter production and seed m<sup>−2</sup>. N-use efficiency was influenced more by N recovery and uptake efficiency, rather than physiological efficiency, which highlights the importance of soil moisture availability and the ability of the crop to exploit soil water and N reserves. The results suggest that better use of subsoil moisture by overcoming some of the subsoil constraints may be an avenue for further improvements in yield and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) of canola in this environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:52:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f69575524c594cecbda6cd117e00ec16 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:52:17Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-f69575524c594cecbda6cd117e00ec162023-11-20T15:58:48ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-10-011010150510.3390/agronomy10101505Rate of Nitrogen Rather Than Timing of Application Influence Yield and NUE of Canola in South Australian Mediterranean EnvironmentsAmritbir Riar0Gurjeet Gill1Glenn K. McDonald2School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, SA 5064, AustraliaSchool of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, SA 5064, AustraliaSchool of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, SA 5064, AustraliaCanola has a high nitrogen requirement and optimal nitrogen (N) management in environments with variable rainfall is a challenge. This study investigated the impact of timing of N as a single or split application at different growth stages on seed yield, N uptake and water-use efficiency in canola. Nitrogen rates of 100 and 200 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> were applied after sowing when two leaves were unfolded or equally split between the rosette, green bud and first flower stages. The experiments were conducted at two sites with contrasting rainfall and a supplementary irrigation treatment at the low rainfall site, generating a third environment. Nitrogen application increased seed yield by up to 20% at a high rainfall site and by up to 77% at a medium rainfall site, but the timing of N did not significantly affect the yield response to N. Seed yield was closely associated with total dry matter production and seed m<sup>−2</sup>. N-use efficiency was influenced more by N recovery and uptake efficiency, rather than physiological efficiency, which highlights the importance of soil moisture availability and the ability of the crop to exploit soil water and N reserves. The results suggest that better use of subsoil moisture by overcoming some of the subsoil constraints may be an avenue for further improvements in yield and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) of canola in this environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/10/1505canolanitrogen managementnitrogen-use efficiency (NUE)water-use efficiencysub-soil water usewater use patterns |
| spellingShingle | Amritbir Riar Gurjeet Gill Glenn K. McDonald Rate of Nitrogen Rather Than Timing of Application Influence Yield and NUE of Canola in South Australian Mediterranean Environments Agronomy canola nitrogen management nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) water-use efficiency sub-soil water use water use patterns |
| title | Rate of Nitrogen Rather Than Timing of Application Influence Yield and NUE of Canola in South Australian Mediterranean Environments |
| title_full | Rate of Nitrogen Rather Than Timing of Application Influence Yield and NUE of Canola in South Australian Mediterranean Environments |
| title_fullStr | Rate of Nitrogen Rather Than Timing of Application Influence Yield and NUE of Canola in South Australian Mediterranean Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rate of Nitrogen Rather Than Timing of Application Influence Yield and NUE of Canola in South Australian Mediterranean Environments |
| title_short | Rate of Nitrogen Rather Than Timing of Application Influence Yield and NUE of Canola in South Australian Mediterranean Environments |
| title_sort | rate of nitrogen rather than timing of application influence yield and nue of canola in south australian mediterranean environments |
| topic | canola nitrogen management nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) water-use efficiency sub-soil water use water use patterns |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/10/1505 |
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