Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics
Osteoblasts, the cells that build up our skeleton, are remarkably versatile and important cells that need tight regulation in all the phases of their differentiation to guarantee proper skeletal development and homeostasis. Although we know many of the key pathways involved in osteoblast differentia...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/6651 |
| _version_ | 1797529326526136320 |
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| author | Marco Ponzetti Nadia Rucci |
| author_facet | Marco Ponzetti Nadia Rucci |
| author_sort | Marco Ponzetti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Osteoblasts, the cells that build up our skeleton, are remarkably versatile and important cells that need tight regulation in all the phases of their differentiation to guarantee proper skeletal development and homeostasis. Although we know many of the key pathways involved in osteoblast differentiation and signaling, it is becoming clearer and clearer that this is just the tip of the iceberg, and we are constantly discovering novel concepts in osteoblast physiology. In this review, we discuss well-established pathways of osteoblastic differentiation, i.e., the classical ones committing mesenchymal stromal cells to osteoblast, and then osteocytes as well as recently emerged players. In particular, we discuss micro (mi)RNAs, long non-coding (lnc)RNAs, circular (circ)RNAs, and extracellular vesicles, focusing on the mechanisms through which osteoblasts are regulated by these factors, and conversely, how they use extracellular vesicles to communicate with the surrounding microenvironment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:12:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f6bba9b822b646da92fb562b0745127f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:12:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f6bba9b822b646da92fb562b0745127f2023-11-22T01:09:31ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-06-012213665110.3390/ijms22136651Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging TopicsMarco Ponzetti0Nadia Rucci1Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyOsteoblasts, the cells that build up our skeleton, are remarkably versatile and important cells that need tight regulation in all the phases of their differentiation to guarantee proper skeletal development and homeostasis. Although we know many of the key pathways involved in osteoblast differentiation and signaling, it is becoming clearer and clearer that this is just the tip of the iceberg, and we are constantly discovering novel concepts in osteoblast physiology. In this review, we discuss well-established pathways of osteoblastic differentiation, i.e., the classical ones committing mesenchymal stromal cells to osteoblast, and then osteocytes as well as recently emerged players. In particular, we discuss micro (mi)RNAs, long non-coding (lnc)RNAs, circular (circ)RNAs, and extracellular vesicles, focusing on the mechanisms through which osteoblasts are regulated by these factors, and conversely, how they use extracellular vesicles to communicate with the surrounding microenvironment.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/6651osteoblast differentiationextracellular vesiclesmiRNAsnon-coding RNAs |
| spellingShingle | Marco Ponzetti Nadia Rucci Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics International Journal of Molecular Sciences osteoblast differentiation extracellular vesicles miRNAs non-coding RNAs |
| title | Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics |
| title_full | Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics |
| title_fullStr | Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics |
| title_short | Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics |
| title_sort | osteoblast differentiation and signaling established concepts and emerging topics |
| topic | osteoblast differentiation extracellular vesicles miRNAs non-coding RNAs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/6651 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marcoponzetti osteoblastdifferentiationandsignalingestablishedconceptsandemergingtopics AT nadiarucci osteoblastdifferentiationandsignalingestablishedconceptsandemergingtopics |