Numerical Study of MHD Natural Convection inside a Cubical Cavity Loaded with Copper-Water Nanofluid by Using a Non-Homogeneous Dynamic Mathematical Model
Free convective flow in a cubical cavity loaded with copper-water nanofluid was examined numerically by employing a non-homogeneous dynamic model, which is physically more realistic in representing nanofluids than homogenous ones. The cavity was introduced to a horizontal magnetic field from the lef...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Mathematics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/12/2072 |
| _version_ | 1797484712816541696 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohamed Sannad Ahmed Kadhim Hussein Awatef Abidi Raad Z. Homod Uddhaba Biswal Bagh Ali Lioua Kolsi Obai Younis |
| author_facet | Mohamed Sannad Ahmed Kadhim Hussein Awatef Abidi Raad Z. Homod Uddhaba Biswal Bagh Ali Lioua Kolsi Obai Younis |
| author_sort | Mohamed Sannad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Free convective flow in a cubical cavity loaded with copper-water nanofluid was examined numerically by employing a non-homogeneous dynamic model, which is physically more realistic in representing nanofluids than homogenous ones. The cavity was introduced to a horizontal magnetic field from the left sidewall. Both the cavity’s vertical left and right sidewalls are preserved at an isothermal cold temperature (T<sub>c</sub>). The cavity includes inside it four isothermal heating blocks in the middle of the top and bottom walls. The other cavity walls are assumed adiabatic. Simulations were performed for solid volume fraction ranging from (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.06), Rayleigh number varied as (10<sup>3</sup> ≤ Ra ≤ 10<sup>5</sup>), the Hartmann number varied as (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 60), and the diameter of nanoparticle varied as (10 nm ≤ d<sub>p</sub> ≤ 130 nm). It was found that at (d<sub>p</sub> = 10 nm), the average Nusselt number declines when Ha increases, whereas it increases as (Ra) and (ϕ) increase. Furthermore, the increasing impact of the magnetic field on the average Nusselt number is absent for (Ra = 10<sup>3</sup>), and this can be seen for all values of (ϕ). However, when (d<sub>p</sub>) is considered variable, the average Nusselt number was directly proportional to (Ra) and (ϕ) and inversely proportional to (d<sub>p</sub>). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:09:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f6c1d556ffda49bfb8e36dfce051c103 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:09:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj.art-f6c1d556ffda49bfb8e36dfce051c1032023-11-23T17:49:16ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902022-06-011012207210.3390/math10122072Numerical Study of MHD Natural Convection inside a Cubical Cavity Loaded with Copper-Water Nanofluid by Using a Non-Homogeneous Dynamic Mathematical ModelMohamed Sannad0Ahmed Kadhim Hussein1Awatef Abidi2Raad Z. Homod3Uddhaba Biswal4Bagh Ali5Lioua Kolsi6Obai Younis7National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 1136, MoroccoMechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hilla 51001, IraqPhysics Department, College of Sciences Abha, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basrah 61019, IraqDepartment of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, IndiaFaculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Superior University, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering at Wadi Addwaser, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addwaser 11991, Saudi ArabiaFree convective flow in a cubical cavity loaded with copper-water nanofluid was examined numerically by employing a non-homogeneous dynamic model, which is physically more realistic in representing nanofluids than homogenous ones. The cavity was introduced to a horizontal magnetic field from the left sidewall. Both the cavity’s vertical left and right sidewalls are preserved at an isothermal cold temperature (T<sub>c</sub>). The cavity includes inside it four isothermal heating blocks in the middle of the top and bottom walls. The other cavity walls are assumed adiabatic. Simulations were performed for solid volume fraction ranging from (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.06), Rayleigh number varied as (10<sup>3</sup> ≤ Ra ≤ 10<sup>5</sup>), the Hartmann number varied as (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 60), and the diameter of nanoparticle varied as (10 nm ≤ d<sub>p</sub> ≤ 130 nm). It was found that at (d<sub>p</sub> = 10 nm), the average Nusselt number declines when Ha increases, whereas it increases as (Ra) and (ϕ) increase. Furthermore, the increasing impact of the magnetic field on the average Nusselt number is absent for (Ra = 10<sup>3</sup>), and this can be seen for all values of (ϕ). However, when (d<sub>p</sub>) is considered variable, the average Nusselt number was directly proportional to (Ra) and (ϕ) and inversely proportional to (d<sub>p</sub>).https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/12/2072natural convectionnanofluidmagnetic fieldcubical cavitynon-homogeneous dynamic mathematical model |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Sannad Ahmed Kadhim Hussein Awatef Abidi Raad Z. Homod Uddhaba Biswal Bagh Ali Lioua Kolsi Obai Younis Numerical Study of MHD Natural Convection inside a Cubical Cavity Loaded with Copper-Water Nanofluid by Using a Non-Homogeneous Dynamic Mathematical Model Mathematics natural convection nanofluid magnetic field cubical cavity non-homogeneous dynamic mathematical model |
| title | Numerical Study of MHD Natural Convection inside a Cubical Cavity Loaded with Copper-Water Nanofluid by Using a Non-Homogeneous Dynamic Mathematical Model |
| title_full | Numerical Study of MHD Natural Convection inside a Cubical Cavity Loaded with Copper-Water Nanofluid by Using a Non-Homogeneous Dynamic Mathematical Model |
| title_fullStr | Numerical Study of MHD Natural Convection inside a Cubical Cavity Loaded with Copper-Water Nanofluid by Using a Non-Homogeneous Dynamic Mathematical Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical Study of MHD Natural Convection inside a Cubical Cavity Loaded with Copper-Water Nanofluid by Using a Non-Homogeneous Dynamic Mathematical Model |
| title_short | Numerical Study of MHD Natural Convection inside a Cubical Cavity Loaded with Copper-Water Nanofluid by Using a Non-Homogeneous Dynamic Mathematical Model |
| title_sort | numerical study of mhd natural convection inside a cubical cavity loaded with copper water nanofluid by using a non homogeneous dynamic mathematical model |
| topic | natural convection nanofluid magnetic field cubical cavity non-homogeneous dynamic mathematical model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/12/2072 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohamedsannad numericalstudyofmhdnaturalconvectioninsideacubicalcavityloadedwithcopperwaternanofluidbyusinganonhomogeneousdynamicmathematicalmodel AT ahmedkadhimhussein numericalstudyofmhdnaturalconvectioninsideacubicalcavityloadedwithcopperwaternanofluidbyusinganonhomogeneousdynamicmathematicalmodel AT awatefabidi numericalstudyofmhdnaturalconvectioninsideacubicalcavityloadedwithcopperwaternanofluidbyusinganonhomogeneousdynamicmathematicalmodel AT raadzhomod numericalstudyofmhdnaturalconvectioninsideacubicalcavityloadedwithcopperwaternanofluidbyusinganonhomogeneousdynamicmathematicalmodel AT uddhababiswal numericalstudyofmhdnaturalconvectioninsideacubicalcavityloadedwithcopperwaternanofluidbyusinganonhomogeneousdynamicmathematicalmodel AT baghali numericalstudyofmhdnaturalconvectioninsideacubicalcavityloadedwithcopperwaternanofluidbyusinganonhomogeneousdynamicmathematicalmodel AT liouakolsi numericalstudyofmhdnaturalconvectioninsideacubicalcavityloadedwithcopperwaternanofluidbyusinganonhomogeneousdynamicmathematicalmodel AT obaiyounis numericalstudyofmhdnaturalconvectioninsideacubicalcavityloadedwithcopperwaternanofluidbyusinganonhomogeneousdynamicmathematicalmodel |