Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation with a Product Containing Human-Native <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 in Healthy Adults Increases Oral <i>S. salivarius</i>
<i>Streptococcus salivarius</i> (<i>S. salivarius</i>) K12 supplementation has been found to reduce the risk of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Yet, studies have not reported the effect of supplementation on oral <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 levels or th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/12/4392 |
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| author | Karina Cernioglo Karen M. Kalanetra Anna Meier Zachery T. Lewis Mark A. Underwood David A. Mills Jennifer T. Smilowitz |
| author_facet | Karina Cernioglo Karen M. Kalanetra Anna Meier Zachery T. Lewis Mark A. Underwood David A. Mills Jennifer T. Smilowitz |
| author_sort | Karina Cernioglo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Streptococcus salivarius</i> (<i>S. salivarius</i>) K12 supplementation has been found to reduce the risk of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Yet, studies have not reported the effect of supplementation on oral <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 levels or the salivary microbiome. This clinical trial was designed to determine how supplementation with <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 influences the oral microbiome. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 13 healthy adults received a probiotic powder (PRO) containing <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium lactis</i>, and <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 and 12 healthy adults received a placebo-control powder (CON) (<i>n</i> = 12) for 14 consecutive days. Oral <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 and total bacteria were quantified by qPCR and the overall oral microbiome was measured using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Supplementation significantly increased mean salivary <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 levels by 5 logs compared to baseline for the PRO group (<i>p</i> < 0.0005), which returned to baseline 2 weeks post-supplementation. Compared with the CON group, salivary <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 was 5 logs higher in the PRO group at the end of the supplementation period (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Neither time nor supplementation influenced the overall oral microbiome. Supplementation with a probiotic cocktail containing <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 for two weeks significantly increased levels of salivary <i>S. salivarius</i> K12. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:23:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f6c47933941d43829703c7493e45db0c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:23:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-f6c47933941d43829703c7493e45db0c2023-11-23T09:57:05ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-12-011312439210.3390/nu13124392Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation with a Product Containing Human-Native <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 in Healthy Adults Increases Oral <i>S. salivarius</i>Karina Cernioglo0Karen M. Kalanetra1Anna Meier2Zachery T. Lewis3Mark A. Underwood4David A. Mills5Jennifer T. Smilowitz6Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USASynbiotic Health, Inc., Lincoln, NE 68508, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Children’s Hospital, Sacramento, CA 95817, USADepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA<i>Streptococcus salivarius</i> (<i>S. salivarius</i>) K12 supplementation has been found to reduce the risk of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Yet, studies have not reported the effect of supplementation on oral <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 levels or the salivary microbiome. This clinical trial was designed to determine how supplementation with <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 influences the oral microbiome. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 13 healthy adults received a probiotic powder (PRO) containing <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium lactis</i>, and <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 and 12 healthy adults received a placebo-control powder (CON) (<i>n</i> = 12) for 14 consecutive days. Oral <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 and total bacteria were quantified by qPCR and the overall oral microbiome was measured using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Supplementation significantly increased mean salivary <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 levels by 5 logs compared to baseline for the PRO group (<i>p</i> < 0.0005), which returned to baseline 2 weeks post-supplementation. Compared with the CON group, salivary <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 was 5 logs higher in the PRO group at the end of the supplementation period (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Neither time nor supplementation influenced the overall oral microbiome. Supplementation with a probiotic cocktail containing <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 for two weeks significantly increased levels of salivary <i>S. salivarius</i> K12.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/12/4392oral microbiomeprobiotics<i>S. salivarius</i> K12 |
| spellingShingle | Karina Cernioglo Karen M. Kalanetra Anna Meier Zachery T. Lewis Mark A. Underwood David A. Mills Jennifer T. Smilowitz Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation with a Product Containing Human-Native <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 in Healthy Adults Increases Oral <i>S. salivarius</i> Nutrients oral microbiome probiotics <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 |
| title | Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation with a Product Containing Human-Native <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 in Healthy Adults Increases Oral <i>S. salivarius</i> |
| title_full | Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation with a Product Containing Human-Native <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 in Healthy Adults Increases Oral <i>S. salivarius</i> |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation with a Product Containing Human-Native <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 in Healthy Adults Increases Oral <i>S. salivarius</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation with a Product Containing Human-Native <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 in Healthy Adults Increases Oral <i>S. salivarius</i> |
| title_short | Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation with a Product Containing Human-Native <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 in Healthy Adults Increases Oral <i>S. salivarius</i> |
| title_sort | multi strain probiotic supplementation with a product containing human native i s salivarius i k12 in healthy adults increases oral i s salivarius i |
| topic | oral microbiome probiotics <i>S. salivarius</i> K12 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/12/4392 |
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