Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae)
Abstract Island systems have long served as a model for evolutionary processes due to their unique species interactions. Many studies of the evolution of species interactions on islands have focused on endemic taxa. Fewer studies have focused on how antagonistic and mutualistic interactions shape th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9766 |
| _version_ | 1827977063763542016 |
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| author | Winer Daniel Reyes‐Corral Sofia Carvajal‐Endara Molly Hetherington‐Rauth Jaime A. Chaves Peter R. Grant B. Rosemary Grant Andrew P. Hendry Marc T. J. Johnson |
| author_facet | Winer Daniel Reyes‐Corral Sofia Carvajal‐Endara Molly Hetherington‐Rauth Jaime A. Chaves Peter R. Grant B. Rosemary Grant Andrew P. Hendry Marc T. J. Johnson |
| author_sort | Winer Daniel Reyes‐Corral |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Island systems have long served as a model for evolutionary processes due to their unique species interactions. Many studies of the evolution of species interactions on islands have focused on endemic taxa. Fewer studies have focused on how antagonistic and mutualistic interactions shape the phenotypic divergence of widespread nonendemic species living on islands. We used the widespread plant Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae) to study phenotypic divergence in traits that mediate antagonistic interactions with vertebrate granivores (birds) and mutualistic interactions with pollinators, including how this is explained by bioclimatic variables. We used both herbarium specimens and field‐collected samples to compare phenotypic divergence between continental and island populations. Fruits from island populations were larger than on continents, but the presence of lower spines on mericarps was less frequent on islands. The presence of spines was largely explained by environmental variation among islands. Petal length was on average 9% smaller on island than continental populations, an effect that was especially accentuated on the Galápagos Islands. Our results show that Tribulus cistoides exhibits phenotypic divergence between island and continental habitats for antagonistic traits (seed defense) and mutualistic traits (floral traits). Furthermore, the evolution of phenotypic traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions partially depended on the abiotic characteristics of specific islands. This study shows the potential of using a combination of herbarium and field samples for comparative studies on a globally distributed species to study phenotypic divergence on island habitats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:58:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f6d3a10bc8c64eafbd4d041f4b2f40a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:58:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-f6d3a10bc8c64eafbd4d041f4b2f40a62023-03-29T14:14:47ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582023-03-01133n/an/a10.1002/ece3.9766Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae)Winer Daniel Reyes‐Corral0Sofia Carvajal‐Endara1Molly Hetherington‐Rauth2Jaime A. Chaves3Peter R. Grant4B. Rosemary Grant5Andrew P. Hendry6Marc T. J. Johnson7Department of Biology and Redpath Museum McGill University Montréal Québec CanadaDepartment of Biology and Redpath Museum McGill University Montréal Québec CanadaDepartment of Biology University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario CanadaColegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito EcuadorDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USADepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USADepartment of Biology and Redpath Museum McGill University Montréal Québec CanadaDepartment of Biology University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario CanadaAbstract Island systems have long served as a model for evolutionary processes due to their unique species interactions. Many studies of the evolution of species interactions on islands have focused on endemic taxa. Fewer studies have focused on how antagonistic and mutualistic interactions shape the phenotypic divergence of widespread nonendemic species living on islands. We used the widespread plant Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae) to study phenotypic divergence in traits that mediate antagonistic interactions with vertebrate granivores (birds) and mutualistic interactions with pollinators, including how this is explained by bioclimatic variables. We used both herbarium specimens and field‐collected samples to compare phenotypic divergence between continental and island populations. Fruits from island populations were larger than on continents, but the presence of lower spines on mericarps was less frequent on islands. The presence of spines was largely explained by environmental variation among islands. Petal length was on average 9% smaller on island than continental populations, an effect that was especially accentuated on the Galápagos Islands. Our results show that Tribulus cistoides exhibits phenotypic divergence between island and continental habitats for antagonistic traits (seed defense) and mutualistic traits (floral traits). Furthermore, the evolution of phenotypic traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions partially depended on the abiotic characteristics of specific islands. This study shows the potential of using a combination of herbarium and field samples for comparative studies on a globally distributed species to study phenotypic divergence on island habitats.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9766Darwin's finchesflower morphologyfruit morphologyherbarium collectionsmericarpphenotypic divergence |
| spellingShingle | Winer Daniel Reyes‐Corral Sofia Carvajal‐Endara Molly Hetherington‐Rauth Jaime A. Chaves Peter R. Grant B. Rosemary Grant Andrew P. Hendry Marc T. J. Johnson Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae) Ecology and Evolution Darwin's finches flower morphology fruit morphology herbarium collections mericarp phenotypic divergence |
| title | Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae) |
| title_full | Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae) |
| title_fullStr | Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae) |
| title_short | Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae) |
| title_sort | phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant tribulus cistoides zygophyllaceae |
| topic | Darwin's finches flower morphology fruit morphology herbarium collections mericarp phenotypic divergence |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9766 |
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