Evaluation of best management practices with greenhouse gas benefits for salt-affected paddy soils in South Asia
Anthropogenic climate change has caused increased soil salinity in South Asia due to saltwater intrusion caused by sea level rise, input of fertilizers with high salt index, and irrigation malpractices, etc. Salinity has a multitude of impacts on plant and soil processes, leading...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research
2020-07-01
|
| Series: | APN Science Bulletin |
| Online Access: | https://www.apn-gcr.org/bulletin/?p=1042 |
| _version_ | 1811188396505169920 |
|---|---|
| author | Erandathie Lokupitiya Madhoolika Agrawal Tofyel Ahamed Naveed Mustafa Bashir Ahmed Archana Vathani Kaushala Opatha Bhavna Jaiswal Suruchi Singh Gamini Seneviratne DN Sirisena Keith Paustian |
| author_facet | Erandathie Lokupitiya Madhoolika Agrawal Tofyel Ahamed Naveed Mustafa Bashir Ahmed Archana Vathani Kaushala Opatha Bhavna Jaiswal Suruchi Singh Gamini Seneviratne DN Sirisena Keith Paustian |
| author_sort | Erandathie Lokupitiya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Anthropogenic climate change has caused increased soil salinity in South Asia due to saltwater intrusion caused by sea level rise, input of fertilizers with high salt index, and irrigation malpractices, etc. Salinity has a multitude of impacts on plant and soil processes, leading to alterations in gas fluxes and rice productivity. The remedial measures adopted on salt-affected soils to reduce the salinity effect could enhance future climate change if they cause an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study was conducted to find the best agricultural management practices (BMPs) for salt-affected soils in rice cropping systems (i.e. the major cropping system in Asia) in four South Asian countries (Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan) considering net GHG emissions and other socioeconomic benefits associated with the adopted measures. The salinity-affected sites were selected based on available information (e.g. agricultural statistics and maps). Site-level measurements on soil parameters and GHG emissions were made in control- and managed plots and farmer surveys were conducted. Although organic amendments ameliorated salinity, it could cause a net increase in carbon dioxide or methane emissions depending on the soil conditions, particularly during the initial stages. This impact could be ameliorated by combining organic amendments with other management practices. In the Indo-Gangetic region, poor soil drainage causing anaerobic conditions favoured nitrous oxide emission under low to medium salinity. Yield losses and emissions in high salinity sites were controlled through organic amendment, irrigation and rice-fallow cropping sequence. The combination of transplanting of rice seedlings, the addition of organic matter, and intermittent irrigated water levels was identified as the BMP for Sri Lankan farmers. The outcome of this project will be used to raise awareness among farmers and policymakers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:19:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f6d87022d1994ee89e7fdf0a02365424 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2522-7971 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:19:35Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research |
| record_format | Article |
| series | APN Science Bulletin |
| spelling | doaj.art-f6d87022d1994ee89e7fdf0a023654242022-12-22T04:19:07ZengAsia-Pacific Network for Global Change ResearchAPN Science Bulletin2522-79712020-07-0110110.30852/sb.2020.1042Evaluation of best management practices with greenhouse gas benefits for salt-affected paddy soils in South AsiaErandathie LokupitiyaMadhoolika AgrawalTofyel AhamedNaveed MustafaBashir AhmedArchana VathaniKaushala OpathaBhavna JaiswalSuruchi SinghGamini SeneviratneDN SirisenaKeith Paustian Anthropogenic climate change has caused increased soil salinity in South Asia due to saltwater intrusion caused by sea level rise, input of fertilizers with high salt index, and irrigation malpractices, etc. Salinity has a multitude of impacts on plant and soil processes, leading to alterations in gas fluxes and rice productivity. The remedial measures adopted on salt-affected soils to reduce the salinity effect could enhance future climate change if they cause an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study was conducted to find the best agricultural management practices (BMPs) for salt-affected soils in rice cropping systems (i.e. the major cropping system in Asia) in four South Asian countries (Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan) considering net GHG emissions and other socioeconomic benefits associated with the adopted measures. The salinity-affected sites were selected based on available information (e.g. agricultural statistics and maps). Site-level measurements on soil parameters and GHG emissions were made in control- and managed plots and farmer surveys were conducted. Although organic amendments ameliorated salinity, it could cause a net increase in carbon dioxide or methane emissions depending on the soil conditions, particularly during the initial stages. This impact could be ameliorated by combining organic amendments with other management practices. In the Indo-Gangetic region, poor soil drainage causing anaerobic conditions favoured nitrous oxide emission under low to medium salinity. Yield losses and emissions in high salinity sites were controlled through organic amendment, irrigation and rice-fallow cropping sequence. The combination of transplanting of rice seedlings, the addition of organic matter, and intermittent irrigated water levels was identified as the BMP for Sri Lankan farmers. The outcome of this project will be used to raise awareness among farmers and policymakers.https://www.apn-gcr.org/bulletin/?p=1042 |
| spellingShingle | Erandathie Lokupitiya Madhoolika Agrawal Tofyel Ahamed Naveed Mustafa Bashir Ahmed Archana Vathani Kaushala Opatha Bhavna Jaiswal Suruchi Singh Gamini Seneviratne DN Sirisena Keith Paustian Evaluation of best management practices with greenhouse gas benefits for salt-affected paddy soils in South Asia APN Science Bulletin |
| title | Evaluation of best management practices with greenhouse gas benefits for salt-affected paddy soils in South Asia |
| title_full | Evaluation of best management practices with greenhouse gas benefits for salt-affected paddy soils in South Asia |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of best management practices with greenhouse gas benefits for salt-affected paddy soils in South Asia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of best management practices with greenhouse gas benefits for salt-affected paddy soils in South Asia |
| title_short | Evaluation of best management practices with greenhouse gas benefits for salt-affected paddy soils in South Asia |
| title_sort | evaluation of best management practices with greenhouse gas benefits for salt affected paddy soils in south asia |
| url | https://www.apn-gcr.org/bulletin/?p=1042 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT erandathielokupitiya evaluationofbestmanagementpracticeswithgreenhousegasbenefitsforsaltaffectedpaddysoilsinsouthasia AT madhoolikaagrawal evaluationofbestmanagementpracticeswithgreenhousegasbenefitsforsaltaffectedpaddysoilsinsouthasia AT tofyelahamed evaluationofbestmanagementpracticeswithgreenhousegasbenefitsforsaltaffectedpaddysoilsinsouthasia AT naveedmustafa evaluationofbestmanagementpracticeswithgreenhousegasbenefitsforsaltaffectedpaddysoilsinsouthasia AT bashirahmed evaluationofbestmanagementpracticeswithgreenhousegasbenefitsforsaltaffectedpaddysoilsinsouthasia AT archanavathani evaluationofbestmanagementpracticeswithgreenhousegasbenefitsforsaltaffectedpaddysoilsinsouthasia AT kaushalaopatha evaluationofbestmanagementpracticeswithgreenhousegasbenefitsforsaltaffectedpaddysoilsinsouthasia AT bhavnajaiswal evaluationofbestmanagementpracticeswithgreenhousegasbenefitsforsaltaffectedpaddysoilsinsouthasia AT suruchisingh evaluationofbestmanagementpracticeswithgreenhousegasbenefitsforsaltaffectedpaddysoilsinsouthasia AT gaminiseneviratne evaluationofbestmanagementpracticeswithgreenhousegasbenefitsforsaltaffectedpaddysoilsinsouthasia AT dnsirisena evaluationofbestmanagementpracticeswithgreenhousegasbenefitsforsaltaffectedpaddysoilsinsouthasia AT keithpaustian evaluationofbestmanagementpracticeswithgreenhousegasbenefitsforsaltaffectedpaddysoilsinsouthasia |