Assessment of the risk of developing breast cancer using the Gail model in Asian females: A systematic review
Introduction: Currently, the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT), also known as the Gail model (GM) has been widely recognized and adapted for to study disparity in racial and ethnic groups in America including Asian and Pacific Islander American females. However, its applicability outside Am...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020306393 |
| _version_ | 1819226184976695296 |
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| author | Solikhah Solikhah Sitti Nurdjannah |
| author_facet | Solikhah Solikhah Sitti Nurdjannah |
| author_sort | Solikhah Solikhah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Currently, the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT), also known as the Gail model (GM) has been widely recognized and adapted for to study disparity in racial and ethnic groups in America including Asian and Pacific Islander American females. However, its applicability outside America remains uncertain due to diversity in epidemiology and risk factors of breast cancer in populations especially in Asian females. We sought to evaluate the performance of the GM to predict breast cancer risk in Asian countries. Material and methods: This study identified articles published from 2010 by searching PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and gray literature. The initial search terms were breast cancer, mammary, carcinoma, tumor, neoplasm, risk assessment tool, BCRAT, breast cancer prediction, Gail model, Asia, and Asian. Results: The search yielded 20 articles, with 7 articles addressing the AUC and/or the expected (E) to observed (O) ratio of predicted breast cancer risk, representing the accuracy of the GM in the Asian population. One publication reported the sensitivity and specificity but no AUC. None of the studies were accepted as the standard for reporting prognostic models. Several studies reported good prognostic testing and likely developed a new model modifying the items in the instrument. Conclusion: The results are not strong enough to develop breast cancer risk in the setting of Asian countries. Involving the breast cancer risk of the Asian population in developing a prognostic model with good statistical understanding is particularly important and can reduce flawed or biased models. Identifying the best methods to achieve well-suited prognostic models in the Asian population should be a priority. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T10:21:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f6dd132423f042e0981b69601c2d1f08 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T10:21:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-f6dd132423f042e0981b69601c2d1f082022-12-21T17:50:41ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402020-04-0164e03794Assessment of the risk of developing breast cancer using the Gail model in Asian females: A systematic reviewSolikhah Solikhah0Sitti Nurdjannah1Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, 55166, Indonesia; Dynamic Social Study Center, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, 55166, Indonesia; Corresponding author.Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, 55166, IndonesiaIntroduction: Currently, the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT), also known as the Gail model (GM) has been widely recognized and adapted for to study disparity in racial and ethnic groups in America including Asian and Pacific Islander American females. However, its applicability outside America remains uncertain due to diversity in epidemiology and risk factors of breast cancer in populations especially in Asian females. We sought to evaluate the performance of the GM to predict breast cancer risk in Asian countries. Material and methods: This study identified articles published from 2010 by searching PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and gray literature. The initial search terms were breast cancer, mammary, carcinoma, tumor, neoplasm, risk assessment tool, BCRAT, breast cancer prediction, Gail model, Asia, and Asian. Results: The search yielded 20 articles, with 7 articles addressing the AUC and/or the expected (E) to observed (O) ratio of predicted breast cancer risk, representing the accuracy of the GM in the Asian population. One publication reported the sensitivity and specificity but no AUC. None of the studies were accepted as the standard for reporting prognostic models. Several studies reported good prognostic testing and likely developed a new model modifying the items in the instrument. Conclusion: The results are not strong enough to develop breast cancer risk in the setting of Asian countries. Involving the breast cancer risk of the Asian population in developing a prognostic model with good statistical understanding is particularly important and can reduce flawed or biased models. Identifying the best methods to achieve well-suited prognostic models in the Asian population should be a priority.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020306393Cancer researchHealth sciencesPublic healthEpidemiologyWomen's healthBreast cancer risk |
| spellingShingle | Solikhah Solikhah Sitti Nurdjannah Assessment of the risk of developing breast cancer using the Gail model in Asian females: A systematic review Heliyon Cancer research Health sciences Public health Epidemiology Women's health Breast cancer risk |
| title | Assessment of the risk of developing breast cancer using the Gail model in Asian females: A systematic review |
| title_full | Assessment of the risk of developing breast cancer using the Gail model in Asian females: A systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of the risk of developing breast cancer using the Gail model in Asian females: A systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of the risk of developing breast cancer using the Gail model in Asian females: A systematic review |
| title_short | Assessment of the risk of developing breast cancer using the Gail model in Asian females: A systematic review |
| title_sort | assessment of the risk of developing breast cancer using the gail model in asian females a systematic review |
| topic | Cancer research Health sciences Public health Epidemiology Women's health Breast cancer risk |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020306393 |
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