<i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> Does Not Transstadially Transmit the U.S. Isolate of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda: A Controlled Acquisition and Transmission Study
<i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda, an emerging U.S. bovine hemoparasite, causes anemia, abortion, ill-thrift, and occasionally death. While <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> is the primary vector, it is possible that other U.S. ticks are capable of parasite transmission and ma...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Parasitologia |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6772/3/3/29 |
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| author | Cynthia K. Onzere Amany Hassan David R. Herndon Kennan Oyen Karen C. Poh Glen A. Scoles Lindsay M. Fry |
| author_facet | Cynthia K. Onzere Amany Hassan David R. Herndon Kennan Oyen Karen C. Poh Glen A. Scoles Lindsay M. Fry |
| author_sort | Cynthia K. Onzere |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda, an emerging U.S. bovine hemoparasite, causes anemia, abortion, ill-thrift, and occasionally death. While <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> is the primary vector, it is possible that other U.S. ticks are capable of parasite transmission and may contribute to disease spread. <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> is highly prevalent in the U.S., exhibits a similar geographical distribution to <i>T. orientalis</i>, and is a competent vector of the related parasite, <i>Theileria equi</i>. Herein, we conducted controlled acquisition and transmission studies using splenectomized calves to assess whether <i>D. variabilis</i> can transstadially transmit <i>T. orientalis</i>. <i>D. variabilis</i> nymphs were applied to an infected, splenectomized calf for parasite acquisition and subsequently incubated to molt into adults. Freshly molted adults were applied to two splenectomized <i>T. orientalis</i>-naïve calves to investigate parasite transmission. Calves were monitored for 59 days, and no evidence of parasite transmission was detected using PCR for the <i>T. orientalis</i> Ikeda major piroplasm surface protein gene, blood smear cytology, complete blood counts, or physical examination. Salivary glands from a subset of <i>D. variabilis</i> adults were assessed for <i>T. orientalis</i> using PCR, and the parasite was not detected. These findings support the conclusion that <i>D. variabilis</i> is not capable of transstadial transmission of the U.S. <i>T. orientalis</i> Ikeda isolate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:18:54Z |
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| id | doaj.art-f6e141bdd543468cb9e9ce3d30679a71 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-6772 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:18:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasitologia |
| spelling | doaj.art-f6e141bdd543468cb9e9ce3d30679a712023-11-19T12:21:19ZengMDPI AGParasitologia2673-67722023-09-013328429210.3390/parasitologia3030029<i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> Does Not Transstadially Transmit the U.S. Isolate of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda: A Controlled Acquisition and Transmission StudyCynthia K. Onzere0Amany Hassan1David R. Herndon2Kennan Oyen3Karen C. Poh4Glen A. Scoles5Lindsay M. Fry6Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USADepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USAAnimal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164, USADepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USADepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USAInvasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USADepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA<i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda, an emerging U.S. bovine hemoparasite, causes anemia, abortion, ill-thrift, and occasionally death. While <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> is the primary vector, it is possible that other U.S. ticks are capable of parasite transmission and may contribute to disease spread. <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> is highly prevalent in the U.S., exhibits a similar geographical distribution to <i>T. orientalis</i>, and is a competent vector of the related parasite, <i>Theileria equi</i>. Herein, we conducted controlled acquisition and transmission studies using splenectomized calves to assess whether <i>D. variabilis</i> can transstadially transmit <i>T. orientalis</i>. <i>D. variabilis</i> nymphs were applied to an infected, splenectomized calf for parasite acquisition and subsequently incubated to molt into adults. Freshly molted adults were applied to two splenectomized <i>T. orientalis</i>-naïve calves to investigate parasite transmission. Calves were monitored for 59 days, and no evidence of parasite transmission was detected using PCR for the <i>T. orientalis</i> Ikeda major piroplasm surface protein gene, blood smear cytology, complete blood counts, or physical examination. Salivary glands from a subset of <i>D. variabilis</i> adults were assessed for <i>T. orientalis</i> using PCR, and the parasite was not detected. These findings support the conclusion that <i>D. variabilis</i> is not capable of transstadial transmission of the U.S. <i>T. orientalis</i> Ikeda isolate.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6772/3/3/29<i>Theileria orientalis</i>ikedabovine<i>Dermacentor variabilis</i>competencetransstadial transmission |
| spellingShingle | Cynthia K. Onzere Amany Hassan David R. Herndon Kennan Oyen Karen C. Poh Glen A. Scoles Lindsay M. Fry <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> Does Not Transstadially Transmit the U.S. Isolate of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda: A Controlled Acquisition and Transmission Study Parasitologia <i>Theileria orientalis</i> ikeda bovine <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> competence transstadial transmission |
| title | <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> Does Not Transstadially Transmit the U.S. Isolate of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda: A Controlled Acquisition and Transmission Study |
| title_full | <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> Does Not Transstadially Transmit the U.S. Isolate of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda: A Controlled Acquisition and Transmission Study |
| title_fullStr | <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> Does Not Transstadially Transmit the U.S. Isolate of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda: A Controlled Acquisition and Transmission Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> Does Not Transstadially Transmit the U.S. Isolate of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda: A Controlled Acquisition and Transmission Study |
| title_short | <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> Does Not Transstadially Transmit the U.S. Isolate of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda: A Controlled Acquisition and Transmission Study |
| title_sort | i dermacentor variabilis i does not transstadially transmit the u s isolate of i theileria orientalis i ikeda a controlled acquisition and transmission study |
| topic | <i>Theileria orientalis</i> ikeda bovine <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> competence transstadial transmission |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6772/3/3/29 |
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