Effects of silvicultural thinning on stand structure and coarse woody debris in the deciduous Arasbaran forest, Iran
Forest stand structure is influenced by artificial factors such as silvicultural activities, and by natural factors such as wildfires, floods, windstorms, diseases, and insect infestations. The silvicultural treatments used during the transformation of coppice to the coppice-with-standard system are...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF)
2023-12-01
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| Series: | iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor4312-016 |
| _version_ | 1827579431204421632 |
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| author | Ghanbari S Sefidi K Álvarez-Álvarez P Fathizadeh O Abbasnezhad Alchin A |
| author_facet | Ghanbari S Sefidi K Álvarez-Álvarez P Fathizadeh O Abbasnezhad Alchin A |
| author_sort | Ghanbari S |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Forest stand structure is influenced by artificial factors such as silvicultural activities, and by natural factors such as wildfires, floods, windstorms, diseases, and insect infestations. The silvicultural treatments used during the transformation of coppice to the coppice-with-standard system are a main source of coarse woody debris (CWD). Even small changes in the amounts and/or types of CWD can threaten forest biodiversity, including plant and bird diversity. In this study, we compared managed and unmanaged forest stands in Northwest Iran to better understand changes in species composition and stand characteristics (with particular reference to CWD) in relation to silvicultural practices. In total, thirty-six 0.5-hectare sampling plots were surveyed (total area: 18 ha). We found significant differences between the cut (active management) and uncut areas (proforestation) in indices of height, number of tree species, canopy cover of live and fallen trees, dead tree density, and relative frequency of dead trees. The sample plots included 22 species of live trees, and the CWD was generated by 16 of these species. The number of stems of live trees in the sample plots was 2.653 (SE = 181), with Carpinus orientalis accounting for the highest mean density of live trees. C. orientalis also provided the highest total frequency of downed logs (70%) in the stands, followed by Quercus macranthera (20%). Q. macranthera accounted for the highest relative frequency of dead trees in the stands. In total, around 42% of the CWD consisted of logs lying on the forest floor, followed by dead trees (39%) and stumps (19%). Most of the CWD was included in decay class (DC) 2 (71.6%), followed by DC1 (16.7%) and DC3 (11.3%). Forest managers must balance the amount of CWD, especially from dead trees, in these stands to conserve the diversity of the material in terms of both decay class and tree species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:01:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f6e97513e3bb4e229c8e465f393ee971 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1971-7458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:01:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry |
| spelling | doaj.art-f6e97513e3bb4e229c8e465f393ee9712023-12-19T13:25:03ZengItalian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF)iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry1971-74582023-12-0116137738410.3832/ifor4312-0164312Effects of silvicultural thinning on stand structure and coarse woody debris in the deciduous Arasbaran forest, IranGhanbari S0Sefidi K1Álvarez-Álvarez P2Fathizadeh O3Abbasnezhad Alchin A4Dept. of Forestry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz - IranUniversity of Mohaghegh Ardebili, Ardebil - IranDepartment of Organisms and Systems Biology, Polytechnic School of Mieres, University of Oviedo, Mieres - SpainDept. of Forestry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz - IranUniversity of Tehran, Tehran - IranForest stand structure is influenced by artificial factors such as silvicultural activities, and by natural factors such as wildfires, floods, windstorms, diseases, and insect infestations. The silvicultural treatments used during the transformation of coppice to the coppice-with-standard system are a main source of coarse woody debris (CWD). Even small changes in the amounts and/or types of CWD can threaten forest biodiversity, including plant and bird diversity. In this study, we compared managed and unmanaged forest stands in Northwest Iran to better understand changes in species composition and stand characteristics (with particular reference to CWD) in relation to silvicultural practices. In total, thirty-six 0.5-hectare sampling plots were surveyed (total area: 18 ha). We found significant differences between the cut (active management) and uncut areas (proforestation) in indices of height, number of tree species, canopy cover of live and fallen trees, dead tree density, and relative frequency of dead trees. The sample plots included 22 species of live trees, and the CWD was generated by 16 of these species. The number of stems of live trees in the sample plots was 2.653 (SE = 181), with Carpinus orientalis accounting for the highest mean density of live trees. C. orientalis also provided the highest total frequency of downed logs (70%) in the stands, followed by Quercus macranthera (20%). Q. macranthera accounted for the highest relative frequency of dead trees in the stands. In total, around 42% of the CWD consisted of logs lying on the forest floor, followed by dead trees (39%) and stumps (19%). Most of the CWD was included in decay class (DC) 2 (71.6%), followed by DC1 (16.7%) and DC3 (11.3%). Forest managers must balance the amount of CWD, especially from dead trees, in these stands to conserve the diversity of the material in terms of both decay class and tree species.https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor4312-016Coppice-with-standard SystemQuercus macrantheraSilvicultural ActivitiesStructural CharacteristicsTree Removal |
| spellingShingle | Ghanbari S Sefidi K Álvarez-Álvarez P Fathizadeh O Abbasnezhad Alchin A Effects of silvicultural thinning on stand structure and coarse woody debris in the deciduous Arasbaran forest, Iran iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry Coppice-with-standard System Quercus macranthera Silvicultural Activities Structural Characteristics Tree Removal |
| title | Effects of silvicultural thinning on stand structure and coarse woody debris in the deciduous Arasbaran forest, Iran |
| title_full | Effects of silvicultural thinning on stand structure and coarse woody debris in the deciduous Arasbaran forest, Iran |
| title_fullStr | Effects of silvicultural thinning on stand structure and coarse woody debris in the deciduous Arasbaran forest, Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of silvicultural thinning on stand structure and coarse woody debris in the deciduous Arasbaran forest, Iran |
| title_short | Effects of silvicultural thinning on stand structure and coarse woody debris in the deciduous Arasbaran forest, Iran |
| title_sort | effects of silvicultural thinning on stand structure and coarse woody debris in the deciduous arasbaran forest iran |
| topic | Coppice-with-standard System Quercus macranthera Silvicultural Activities Structural Characteristics Tree Removal |
| url | https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor4312-016 |
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