Dependence on hypnotics: a comparative study between chronic users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs
Objective: To evaluate dependence among chronic benzodiazepine and Z-drug users in Brazil. Methods: Chronic users of benzodiazepines (n=94), Z-drugs (n=74), or both (n=11) were recruited from the community, underwent a psychiatric evaluation and completed self-report instruments on hypnotic depende...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP)
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462021005019201&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1818949278520836096 |
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| author | Daniela F. Curado Viviam V. de Barros Ana R. Noto Emérita S. Opaleye |
| author_facet | Daniela F. Curado Viviam V. de Barros Ana R. Noto Emérita S. Opaleye |
| author_sort | Daniela F. Curado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: To evaluate dependence among chronic benzodiazepine and Z-drug users in Brazil. Methods: Chronic users of benzodiazepines (n=94), Z-drugs (n=74), or both (n=11) were recruited from the community, underwent a psychiatric evaluation and completed self-report instruments on hypnotic dependence, insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs were compared using t-tests, and logistic regression models were employed to explore significant predictors of a dependence diagnosis. Results: There was no difference in the prevalence of dependence among benzodiazepine (77.2%) and Z-drug (69.4%) users. Benzodiazepine users reported increased psychosocial aspects of dependence, anxiety, and depression. Preoccupation with the availability of medication (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.39 [1.15-5.20]) and insomnia (PR = 1.10 [1.02-1.19]) were associated with a diagnosis of dependence (n=175). Conclusion: The prevalence of dependence was similar among both drug classes. The increased self-reported dependence, anxiety, and depression among benzodiazepine users may be due to behavioral rather than pharmacological aspects of medication use. Behaviors related to hypnotic use were important predictors of dependence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T09:00:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f6edcbaefb6e4ebf95aec76aa20a57f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1809-452X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T09:00:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-f6edcbaefb6e4ebf95aec76aa20a57f12022-12-21T19:45:53ZengAssociação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP)Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry1809-452X2021-06-0110.1590/1516-4446-2020-1651Dependence on hypnotics: a comparative study between chronic users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugsDaniela F. Curadohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-4924Viviam V. de Barroshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3356-1018Ana R. Notohttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-6668Emérita S. Opaleyehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-7881Objective: To evaluate dependence among chronic benzodiazepine and Z-drug users in Brazil. Methods: Chronic users of benzodiazepines (n=94), Z-drugs (n=74), or both (n=11) were recruited from the community, underwent a psychiatric evaluation and completed self-report instruments on hypnotic dependence, insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs were compared using t-tests, and logistic regression models were employed to explore significant predictors of a dependence diagnosis. Results: There was no difference in the prevalence of dependence among benzodiazepine (77.2%) and Z-drug (69.4%) users. Benzodiazepine users reported increased psychosocial aspects of dependence, anxiety, and depression. Preoccupation with the availability of medication (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.39 [1.15-5.20]) and insomnia (PR = 1.10 [1.02-1.19]) were associated with a diagnosis of dependence (n=175). Conclusion: The prevalence of dependence was similar among both drug classes. The increased self-reported dependence, anxiety, and depression among benzodiazepine users may be due to behavioral rather than pharmacological aspects of medication use. Behaviors related to hypnotic use were important predictors of dependence.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462021005019201&tlng=enBenzodiazepinesZ-drugshypnotics and sedativessubstance-related disordersinsomnia |
| spellingShingle | Daniela F. Curado Viviam V. de Barros Ana R. Noto Emérita S. Opaleye Dependence on hypnotics: a comparative study between chronic users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Benzodiazepines Z-drugs hypnotics and sedatives substance-related disorders insomnia |
| title | Dependence on hypnotics: a comparative study between chronic users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs |
| title_full | Dependence on hypnotics: a comparative study between chronic users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs |
| title_fullStr | Dependence on hypnotics: a comparative study between chronic users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dependence on hypnotics: a comparative study between chronic users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs |
| title_short | Dependence on hypnotics: a comparative study between chronic users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs |
| title_sort | dependence on hypnotics a comparative study between chronic users of benzodiazepines and z drugs |
| topic | Benzodiazepines Z-drugs hypnotics and sedatives substance-related disorders insomnia |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462021005019201&tlng=en |
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