The influence of projection angle on nappe stability at low energy heads over the weir crest
Under certain low head hydraulic conditions, weir discharge under gravity flow can produce an oscillating nappe characterized by horizontal waves and audible low-frequency acoustic energy, which in some cases can have a significant impact on the local environment. In an effort to better understand t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Water Supply |
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| Online Access: | http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/22/9/7226 |
| _version_ | 1797991386080870400 |
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| author | Mohanad A. Khodier Blake P. Tullis |
| author_facet | Mohanad A. Khodier Blake P. Tullis |
| author_sort | Mohanad A. Khodier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Under certain low head hydraulic conditions, weir discharge under gravity flow can produce an oscillating nappe characterized by horizontal waves and audible low-frequency acoustic energy, which in some cases can have a significant impact on the local environment. In an effort to better understand the mechanism behind nappe oscillation, an experimental investigation was conducted using a linear weir (1.83 m wide, 1.10 m in height, and 0.076 m in thickness) with four different crest shapes (rectangular, quarter-round upstream, half-round, and quarter-round downstream) at a wide range of unit discharge ranging from 8×10−3 m2/s to 36×10−3 m2/s. Using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques, differential pressure measurements, and water surface profiles, the influence of Weber number, angle at which the nappe hits the downstream pool (angle of impact), and nappe projection angle on the nappe oscillation are reported. No significant relationship was found between the Weber number and nappe instability. The results suggest that the nappe is stable for unit discharge between 20×10−3 and 24×10−3m2/s regardless the shape of the weir crest. Also, the stable projection angle is −17° for rectangular and quarter-round upstream weirs and −35° for half-round and quarter-round downstream weirs for the specific tested weir.
HIGHLIGHTS
Explain the mechanism behind the nappe oscillation precisely.;
Discover different types of nappe oscillation.;
Propose some mitigation solutions for nappe oscillation.;
Help designers choose the appropriate crest shape for nappe stability.;
Provide a solution for the existing dams that suffer from nappe oscillation.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:50:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f6f3b936dc0b42478985deef93b49b4d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1606-9749 1607-0798 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:50:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Supply |
| spelling | doaj.art-f6f3b936dc0b42478985deef93b49b4d2022-12-22T04:33:35ZengIWA PublishingWater Supply1606-97491607-07982022-09-012297226724110.2166/ws.2022.320320The influence of projection angle on nappe stability at low energy heads over the weir crestMohanad A. Khodier0Blake P. Tullis1 Department of Civil Engineering, Yarmouk University, P. O. Box 566, Irbid, Jordan Utah Water Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, 8200 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-8200, USA Under certain low head hydraulic conditions, weir discharge under gravity flow can produce an oscillating nappe characterized by horizontal waves and audible low-frequency acoustic energy, which in some cases can have a significant impact on the local environment. In an effort to better understand the mechanism behind nappe oscillation, an experimental investigation was conducted using a linear weir (1.83 m wide, 1.10 m in height, and 0.076 m in thickness) with four different crest shapes (rectangular, quarter-round upstream, half-round, and quarter-round downstream) at a wide range of unit discharge ranging from 8×10−3 m2/s to 36×10−3 m2/s. Using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques, differential pressure measurements, and water surface profiles, the influence of Weber number, angle at which the nappe hits the downstream pool (angle of impact), and nappe projection angle on the nappe oscillation are reported. No significant relationship was found between the Weber number and nappe instability. The results suggest that the nappe is stable for unit discharge between 20×10−3 and 24×10−3m2/s regardless the shape of the weir crest. Also, the stable projection angle is −17° for rectangular and quarter-round upstream weirs and −35° for half-round and quarter-round downstream weirs for the specific tested weir. HIGHLIGHTS Explain the mechanism behind the nappe oscillation precisely.; Discover different types of nappe oscillation.; Propose some mitigation solutions for nappe oscillation.; Help designers choose the appropriate crest shape for nappe stability.; Provide a solution for the existing dams that suffer from nappe oscillation.;http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/22/9/7226nappeparticle image velocimetry (piv)pressureunaeratedvibrationweber number |
| spellingShingle | Mohanad A. Khodier Blake P. Tullis The influence of projection angle on nappe stability at low energy heads over the weir crest Water Supply nappe particle image velocimetry (piv) pressure unaerated vibration weber number |
| title | The influence of projection angle on nappe stability at low energy heads over the weir crest |
| title_full | The influence of projection angle on nappe stability at low energy heads over the weir crest |
| title_fullStr | The influence of projection angle on nappe stability at low energy heads over the weir crest |
| title_full_unstemmed | The influence of projection angle on nappe stability at low energy heads over the weir crest |
| title_short | The influence of projection angle on nappe stability at low energy heads over the weir crest |
| title_sort | influence of projection angle on nappe stability at low energy heads over the weir crest |
| topic | nappe particle image velocimetry (piv) pressure unaerated vibration weber number |
| url | http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/22/9/7226 |
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