Cobalt (II) Chloride Regulates the Invasion and Survival of <i>Brucella abortus</i> 544 in RAW 264.7 Cells and B6 Mice
The effects of Cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl<sub>2</sub>) in the context of <i>Brucella abortus</i> (<i>B. abortus</i>) infection have not been evaluated so far. Firstly, we found that CoCl<sub>2</sub> treatment inhibited the phagocytosis of <i>B. a...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| author | Tran X. N. Huy Trang T. Nguyen Alisha W. B. Reyes Heejin Kim WonGi Min Hu J. Lee John H. Lee Suk Kim |
| author_facet | Tran X. N. Huy Trang T. Nguyen Alisha W. B. Reyes Heejin Kim WonGi Min Hu J. Lee John H. Lee Suk Kim |
| author_sort | Tran X. N. Huy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effects of Cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl<sub>2</sub>) in the context of <i>Brucella abortus</i> (<i>B. abortus</i>) infection have not been evaluated so far. Firstly, we found that CoCl<sub>2</sub> treatment inhibited the phagocytosis of <i>B. abortus</i> into RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibition of bacterial invasion was regulated by F-actin formation and associated with a reduction in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and HIF-1α expression. Secondly, the activation of trafficking regulators <i>LAMP1</i>, <i>LAMP2</i>, and lysosomal enzyme <i>GLA</i> at the transcriptional level activated immune responses, weakening the <i>B. abortus</i> growth at 4 h post-infection (pi). The silencing of HIF-1α increased bacterial survival at 24 h pi. At the same time, CoCl<sub>2</sub> treatment showed a significant increase in the transcripts of lysosomal enzyme <i>HEXB</i> and cytokine <i>TNF-α</i> and an attenuation of the bacterial survival. Moreover, the enhancement at the protein level of HIF-1α was induced in the CoCl<sub>2</sub> treatment at both 4 and 24 h pi. Finally, our results demonstrated that CoCl<sub>2</sub> administration induced the production of serum cytokines IFN-γ and IL-6, which is accompanied by dampened <i>Brucella</i> proliferation in the spleen and liver of treated mice, and reduced the splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Altogether, CoCl<sub>2</sub> treatment contributed to host resistance against <i>B. abortus</i> infection with immunomodulatory effects. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f6fc86ae49c746149fb771df11a920622023-11-23T12:33:11ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-05-0111559610.3390/pathogens11050596Cobalt (II) Chloride Regulates the Invasion and Survival of <i>Brucella abortus</i> 544 in RAW 264.7 Cells and B6 MiceTran X. N. Huy0Trang T. Nguyen1Alisha W. B. Reyes2Heejin Kim3WonGi Min4Hu J. Lee5John H. Lee6Suk Kim7Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH University, 475A Dien Bien Phu St., Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City 72300, VietnamInstitute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, KoreaDepartment of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, PhilippinesInstitute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, KoreaInstitute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, KoreaInstitute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, KoreaInstitute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, KoreaThe effects of Cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl<sub>2</sub>) in the context of <i>Brucella abortus</i> (<i>B. abortus</i>) infection have not been evaluated so far. Firstly, we found that CoCl<sub>2</sub> treatment inhibited the phagocytosis of <i>B. abortus</i> into RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibition of bacterial invasion was regulated by F-actin formation and associated with a reduction in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and HIF-1α expression. Secondly, the activation of trafficking regulators <i>LAMP1</i>, <i>LAMP2</i>, and lysosomal enzyme <i>GLA</i> at the transcriptional level activated immune responses, weakening the <i>B. abortus</i> growth at 4 h post-infection (pi). The silencing of HIF-1α increased bacterial survival at 24 h pi. At the same time, CoCl<sub>2</sub> treatment showed a significant increase in the transcripts of lysosomal enzyme <i>HEXB</i> and cytokine <i>TNF-α</i> and an attenuation of the bacterial survival. Moreover, the enhancement at the protein level of HIF-1α was induced in the CoCl<sub>2</sub> treatment at both 4 and 24 h pi. Finally, our results demonstrated that CoCl<sub>2</sub> administration induced the production of serum cytokines IFN-γ and IL-6, which is accompanied by dampened <i>Brucella</i> proliferation in the spleen and liver of treated mice, and reduced the splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Altogether, CoCl<sub>2</sub> treatment contributed to host resistance against <i>B. abortus</i> infection with immunomodulatory effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/5/596<i>Brucella abortus</i>CoCl<sub>2</sub>HIF-1αimmune responseRAW 264.7 cellB6 mouse |
| spellingShingle | Tran X. N. Huy Trang T. Nguyen Alisha W. B. Reyes Heejin Kim WonGi Min Hu J. Lee John H. Lee Suk Kim Cobalt (II) Chloride Regulates the Invasion and Survival of <i>Brucella abortus</i> 544 in RAW 264.7 Cells and B6 Mice Pathogens <i>Brucella abortus</i> CoCl<sub>2</sub> HIF-1α immune response RAW 264.7 cell B6 mouse |
| title | Cobalt (II) Chloride Regulates the Invasion and Survival of <i>Brucella abortus</i> 544 in RAW 264.7 Cells and B6 Mice |
| title_full | Cobalt (II) Chloride Regulates the Invasion and Survival of <i>Brucella abortus</i> 544 in RAW 264.7 Cells and B6 Mice |
| title_fullStr | Cobalt (II) Chloride Regulates the Invasion and Survival of <i>Brucella abortus</i> 544 in RAW 264.7 Cells and B6 Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cobalt (II) Chloride Regulates the Invasion and Survival of <i>Brucella abortus</i> 544 in RAW 264.7 Cells and B6 Mice |
| title_short | Cobalt (II) Chloride Regulates the Invasion and Survival of <i>Brucella abortus</i> 544 in RAW 264.7 Cells and B6 Mice |
| title_sort | cobalt ii chloride regulates the invasion and survival of i brucella abortus i 544 in raw 264 7 cells and b6 mice |
| topic | <i>Brucella abortus</i> CoCl<sub>2</sub> HIF-1α immune response RAW 264.7 cell B6 mouse |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/5/596 |
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