On Saharan Air Layer Stability and Suppression of Convection over the Northern Tropical Atlantic: Case Study Analysis of a 2007 Dust Outflow Event
A prominent Saharan Air Layer (SAL) was detected over the Northern Atlantic from the West African Coast to the Caribbean Sea in 2007. Data was collected from the Aerosols and Ocean Science Expedition (AEROSE), which encountered a major dust outflow on 13 and 14 May 2007. These observational measurem...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/707 |
| _version_ | 1797606463670059008 |
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| author | Adrian Flores Ricardo K. Sakai Everette Joseph Nicholas R. Nalli Alexander Smirnov Belay Demoz Vernon R. Morris Daniel Wolfe Sen Chiao |
| author_facet | Adrian Flores Ricardo K. Sakai Everette Joseph Nicholas R. Nalli Alexander Smirnov Belay Demoz Vernon R. Morris Daniel Wolfe Sen Chiao |
| author_sort | Adrian Flores |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A prominent Saharan Air Layer (SAL) was detected over the Northern Atlantic from the West African Coast to the Caribbean Sea in 2007. Data was collected from the Aerosols and Ocean Science Expedition (AEROSE), which encountered a major dust outflow on 13 and 14 May 2007. These observational measurements came from onboard instrumentation and radiosondes that captured the dust-front event from 13 to 14 May 2007. Aerosol backscatter was confined within the Marine Boundary Layer (MBL), with layers detected up to 3 km. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) increased by one order of magnitude during the dust front, from 0.1 to 1. Downward solar radiation was also attenuated by 200 W/m<sup>2</sup> and 100 W/m<sup>2</sup> on the first and second days, respectively. A weaker gradient at and above 500 m from potential temperature profiles indicates a less-defined MBL, and an ambient air temperature of 26 °C on 14 May and 28 °C on 15 May were observed above 500 m, reinforcing the temperature inversion and static stability of the SAL. Subsequent days, clear and boundary-layer cloudy days were observed after the dust front. From 14 to 18 May, a Convective Inhibition (CIN) layer started to form at the top of the MBL, developing into a negative buoyancy from 17 to 23 May, and reinforcing the large-scale anticyclonic atmospheric conditions. These results show that the SAL acts as positive feedback on suppressing deep convection over the tropical Atlantic during this dust outflow and several days after its passage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:15:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f70797e5834449768bf9c20c66cb4d62 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:15:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-f70797e5834449768bf9c20c66cb4d622023-11-17T18:17:38ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-04-0114470710.3390/atmos14040707On Saharan Air Layer Stability and Suppression of Convection over the Northern Tropical Atlantic: Case Study Analysis of a 2007 Dust Outflow EventAdrian Flores0Ricardo K. Sakai1Everette Joseph2Nicholas R. Nalli3Alexander Smirnov4Belay Demoz5Vernon R. Morris6Daniel Wolfe7Sen Chiao8NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20009, USANOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20009, USANational Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USANOAA/NESDIS/STAR, College Park, MD 20740, USANASA/GSFC/SSAI/BSB, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAPhysics Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USASchool of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USANOAA/ESRL/PSD, Boulder, CO 80305, USANOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20009, USAA prominent Saharan Air Layer (SAL) was detected over the Northern Atlantic from the West African Coast to the Caribbean Sea in 2007. Data was collected from the Aerosols and Ocean Science Expedition (AEROSE), which encountered a major dust outflow on 13 and 14 May 2007. These observational measurements came from onboard instrumentation and radiosondes that captured the dust-front event from 13 to 14 May 2007. Aerosol backscatter was confined within the Marine Boundary Layer (MBL), with layers detected up to 3 km. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) increased by one order of magnitude during the dust front, from 0.1 to 1. Downward solar radiation was also attenuated by 200 W/m<sup>2</sup> and 100 W/m<sup>2</sup> on the first and second days, respectively. A weaker gradient at and above 500 m from potential temperature profiles indicates a less-defined MBL, and an ambient air temperature of 26 °C on 14 May and 28 °C on 15 May were observed above 500 m, reinforcing the temperature inversion and static stability of the SAL. Subsequent days, clear and boundary-layer cloudy days were observed after the dust front. From 14 to 18 May, a Convective Inhibition (CIN) layer started to form at the top of the MBL, developing into a negative buoyancy from 17 to 23 May, and reinforcing the large-scale anticyclonic atmospheric conditions. These results show that the SAL acts as positive feedback on suppressing deep convection over the tropical Atlantic during this dust outflow and several days after its passage.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/707Saharan Air Layercase study analysisdust eventsubtropical Atlantic |
| spellingShingle | Adrian Flores Ricardo K. Sakai Everette Joseph Nicholas R. Nalli Alexander Smirnov Belay Demoz Vernon R. Morris Daniel Wolfe Sen Chiao On Saharan Air Layer Stability and Suppression of Convection over the Northern Tropical Atlantic: Case Study Analysis of a 2007 Dust Outflow Event Atmosphere Saharan Air Layer case study analysis dust event subtropical Atlantic |
| title | On Saharan Air Layer Stability and Suppression of Convection over the Northern Tropical Atlantic: Case Study Analysis of a 2007 Dust Outflow Event |
| title_full | On Saharan Air Layer Stability and Suppression of Convection over the Northern Tropical Atlantic: Case Study Analysis of a 2007 Dust Outflow Event |
| title_fullStr | On Saharan Air Layer Stability and Suppression of Convection over the Northern Tropical Atlantic: Case Study Analysis of a 2007 Dust Outflow Event |
| title_full_unstemmed | On Saharan Air Layer Stability and Suppression of Convection over the Northern Tropical Atlantic: Case Study Analysis of a 2007 Dust Outflow Event |
| title_short | On Saharan Air Layer Stability and Suppression of Convection over the Northern Tropical Atlantic: Case Study Analysis of a 2007 Dust Outflow Event |
| title_sort | on saharan air layer stability and suppression of convection over the northern tropical atlantic case study analysis of a 2007 dust outflow event |
| topic | Saharan Air Layer case study analysis dust event subtropical Atlantic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/707 |
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