Risk factors for pediatric intoxications in the prehospital setting. A geospatial survey
BackgroundSocioeconomic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic influence children’s physical and mental health. We aimed to investigate the association between a census tract’s median household income [MHI in United States Dollars ($)] and pediatric intoxications in Rhode Island, the smallest state in th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1296250/full |
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| author | Calvin Lukas Kienbacher Calvin Lukas Kienbacher Guixing Wei Jason M. Rhodes Harald Herkner Dominik Roth Kenneth A. Williams Kenneth A. Williams |
| author_facet | Calvin Lukas Kienbacher Calvin Lukas Kienbacher Guixing Wei Jason M. Rhodes Harald Herkner Dominik Roth Kenneth A. Williams Kenneth A. Williams |
| author_sort | Calvin Lukas Kienbacher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundSocioeconomic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic influence children’s physical and mental health. We aimed to investigate the association between a census tract’s median household income [MHI in United States Dollars ($)] and pediatric intoxications in Rhode Island, the smallest state in the United States of America. Geographical hotspots, as well as interactions with the COVID-19 pandemic, should be identified.MethodsThis study is a retrospective analysis of ambulance calls for pediatric (<18 years) intoxication in Rhode Island between March 1st, 2018, and February 28th, 2022. March 1st, 2020 was considered the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Prehospital data were joined with information from the United States Census Bureau. The census tracts’ case counts and MHI were examined using Poisson regression. Geographical clusters were identified with the Global Moran’s I and local indicators of spatial association tests in ArcGIS Pro (Esri Corporation, Redlands, CA).ResultsInclusion criteria were met by 208 incidents (48% female, median age 16 (IQR 15 to 17) years). The regression model showed a 0.6% increase (IRR 1.006, 95% CI [1.002, 1.01], p = 0.003) in pediatric intoxications for every $ 1,000 increase in MHI. Interaction analysis showed that the effect of MHI was less pronounced during the pandemic (IRR 0.98, 95% CI [0.964, 0.997], p = 0.02). Thirty-four (14%) of the 244 census tracts contributed to geographical clusters, which changed after the onset of the pandemic.ConclusionHigher median household income could be a risk factor for pediatric intoxications. Geographical hotspots changed with the pandemic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:39:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f70a914954554d7cbe60a8659e6c6862 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:39:00Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-f70a914954554d7cbe60a8659e6c68622024-01-25T10:43:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652024-01-011210.3389/fpubh.2024.12962501296250Risk factors for pediatric intoxications in the prehospital setting. A geospatial surveyCalvin Lukas Kienbacher0Calvin Lukas Kienbacher1Guixing Wei2Jason M. Rhodes3Harald Herkner4Dominik Roth5Kenneth A. Williams6Kenneth A. Williams7Division of Emergency Medical Services, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United StatesDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaSpatial Structures in the Social Sciences (S4), Population Studies and Training Center (PSTC), Brown University, Providence, RI, United StatesRhode Island Department of Health, Center for Emergency Medical Services, Providence, RI, United StatesDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaDivision of Emergency Medical Services, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United StatesRhode Island Department of Health, Center for Emergency Medical Services, Providence, RI, United StatesBackgroundSocioeconomic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic influence children’s physical and mental health. We aimed to investigate the association between a census tract’s median household income [MHI in United States Dollars ($)] and pediatric intoxications in Rhode Island, the smallest state in the United States of America. Geographical hotspots, as well as interactions with the COVID-19 pandemic, should be identified.MethodsThis study is a retrospective analysis of ambulance calls for pediatric (<18 years) intoxication in Rhode Island between March 1st, 2018, and February 28th, 2022. March 1st, 2020 was considered the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Prehospital data were joined with information from the United States Census Bureau. The census tracts’ case counts and MHI were examined using Poisson regression. Geographical clusters were identified with the Global Moran’s I and local indicators of spatial association tests in ArcGIS Pro (Esri Corporation, Redlands, CA).ResultsInclusion criteria were met by 208 incidents (48% female, median age 16 (IQR 15 to 17) years). The regression model showed a 0.6% increase (IRR 1.006, 95% CI [1.002, 1.01], p = 0.003) in pediatric intoxications for every $ 1,000 increase in MHI. Interaction analysis showed that the effect of MHI was less pronounced during the pandemic (IRR 0.98, 95% CI [0.964, 0.997], p = 0.02). Thirty-four (14%) of the 244 census tracts contributed to geographical clusters, which changed after the onset of the pandemic.ConclusionHigher median household income could be a risk factor for pediatric intoxications. Geographical hotspots changed with the pandemic.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1296250/fullemergency medical servicesintoxicationpediatric emergency medicinedrug overdosealcohol drinkingpublic health |
| spellingShingle | Calvin Lukas Kienbacher Calvin Lukas Kienbacher Guixing Wei Jason M. Rhodes Harald Herkner Dominik Roth Kenneth A. Williams Kenneth A. Williams Risk factors for pediatric intoxications in the prehospital setting. A geospatial survey Frontiers in Public Health emergency medical services intoxication pediatric emergency medicine drug overdose alcohol drinking public health |
| title | Risk factors for pediatric intoxications in the prehospital setting. A geospatial survey |
| title_full | Risk factors for pediatric intoxications in the prehospital setting. A geospatial survey |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors for pediatric intoxications in the prehospital setting. A geospatial survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors for pediatric intoxications in the prehospital setting. A geospatial survey |
| title_short | Risk factors for pediatric intoxications in the prehospital setting. A geospatial survey |
| title_sort | risk factors for pediatric intoxications in the prehospital setting a geospatial survey |
| topic | emergency medical services intoxication pediatric emergency medicine drug overdose alcohol drinking public health |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1296250/full |
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