Molecular Hydrogen Microstructures in Planetary Nebulae
Molecular hydrogen (H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) emission is commonly detected in planetary nebulae (PNe), specia...
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Galaxies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/8/2/30 |
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| author | Stavros Akras Denise R. Gonçalves Gerardo Ramos-Larios Isabel Aleman |
| author_facet | Stavros Akras Denise R. Gonçalves Gerardo Ramos-Larios Isabel Aleman |
| author_sort | Stavros Akras |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Molecular hydrogen (H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) emission is commonly detected in planetary nebulae (PNe), specially in objects with bipolar morphologies. New studies showed that H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> gas is also packed in microstructures embedded in PNe of any morphological type. Despite the presence of H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> in cometary knots being known for years, only in the last five years, much deeper imagery of PNe have revealed that H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> also exists in other types of low-ionisation microstructures (LISs). Significant differences are found between the host PNe of cometary knots and other types of LISs, such as nebula age, central star temperature (evolutionary stage) and the absolute sizes of the microstructure itself. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:45:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f7163ff1a7714a68be571971ea784b1d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4434 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:45:29Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Galaxies |
| spelling | doaj.art-f7163ff1a7714a68be571971ea784b1d2023-11-19T20:21:37ZengMDPI AGGalaxies2075-44342020-04-01823010.3390/galaxies8020030Molecular Hydrogen Microstructures in Planetary NebulaeStavros Akras0Denise R. Gonçalves1Gerardo Ramos-Larios2Isabel Aleman3Observatório do Valongo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20080-090 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilObservatório do Valongo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20080-090 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilInstituto de Astronomía y Meteorología, CUCEI, Guadalajara 44130, Jalisco, MexicoInstituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av. BPS 1303, Pinheirinho, 37500-903 Itajubá, BrazilMolecular hydrogen (H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) emission is commonly detected in planetary nebulae (PNe), specially in objects with bipolar morphologies. New studies showed that H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> gas is also packed in microstructures embedded in PNe of any morphological type. Despite the presence of H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> in cometary knots being known for years, only in the last five years, much deeper imagery of PNe have revealed that H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> also exists in other types of low-ionisation microstructures (LISs). Significant differences are found between the host PNe of cometary knots and other types of LISs, such as nebula age, central star temperature (evolutionary stage) and the absolute sizes of the microstructure itself.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/8/2/30astrochemistryplanetary nebulae: NGC 7009, NGC 6543, K 4-47, NGC 7662, Hu 1-2, Hb 12 |
| spellingShingle | Stavros Akras Denise R. Gonçalves Gerardo Ramos-Larios Isabel Aleman Molecular Hydrogen Microstructures in Planetary Nebulae Galaxies astrochemistry planetary nebulae: NGC 7009, NGC 6543, K 4-47, NGC 7662, Hu 1-2, Hb 12 |
| title | Molecular Hydrogen Microstructures in Planetary Nebulae |
| title_full | Molecular Hydrogen Microstructures in Planetary Nebulae |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Hydrogen Microstructures in Planetary Nebulae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Hydrogen Microstructures in Planetary Nebulae |
| title_short | Molecular Hydrogen Microstructures in Planetary Nebulae |
| title_sort | molecular hydrogen microstructures in planetary nebulae |
| topic | astrochemistry planetary nebulae: NGC 7009, NGC 6543, K 4-47, NGC 7662, Hu 1-2, Hb 12 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/8/2/30 |
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