Remediation of nitrate contaminated groundwater using a simulated PRB system with an La–CTAC–modified biochar filler
In the present study, the Erigeron canadensis L., a typical invasive plant in Southwest China, was utilized as the raw material to prepare original biochar (ECL), a rare earth element La–modified biochar (La–ECL), and a rare earth element La coupling cationic surfactant [cetyltrimethylammonium chlor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.986866/full |
| _version_ | 1818516675781197824 |
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| author | Sen Li Sen Li Yong Wu Fuyu Nie Weiguo Tu Xueling Li Xuemei Luo Yong Luo Hua Fan Tao Song |
| author_facet | Sen Li Sen Li Yong Wu Fuyu Nie Weiguo Tu Xueling Li Xuemei Luo Yong Luo Hua Fan Tao Song |
| author_sort | Sen Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present study, the Erigeron canadensis L., a typical invasive plant in Southwest China, was utilized as the raw material to prepare original biochar (ECL), a rare earth element La–modified biochar (La–ECL), and a rare earth element La coupling cationic surfactant [cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC)]–modified biochar (La/CTAC–ECL). These materials were then added to simulated permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) and their nitrate (NO3−) contaminant remediation performances were evaluated in groundwater. The results show that the breakthrough time for NO3− in a simulated PRB column increases as the concentration of the influent NO3− and the flow rate decreases, whereas with the increases of filler particle size and the height of the filler in the column initially increases, and then decreases. Considering an initial NO3− concentration of 50 mg L−1, and a filler particle size range of 0.8–1.2 mm, the maximum adsorption capacity of the La/CTAC–ECL column for NO3− is 18.99 mg g−1 for a filler column height of 10 cm and an influent flow rate of 15 ml min−1. The maximum quantity of adsorbed NO3− of 372.80 mg is obtained using a filler column height of 15 cm and an influent flow rate of 10 ml min−1. The Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models accurately predict the breakthrough of NO3− in groundwater in the simulated PRB column under different conditions, and the results are consistent with those from dynamic NO3− adsorption experiments. TEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses demonstrate that the modification using the La and CTAC improves the surface structure, porosity, permeability, and configuration of functional groups of the biochar. The mechanisms of NO3− removal from groundwater using the La/CTAC–ECL include pore filling, surface adsorption, ion exchange, and electrostatic adsorption. The composite La/CTAC–ECL exhibits a superior potential for the remediation of NO3− contaminated groundwater. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:45:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f71b0027614c4547bf1ddc269e83e4d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:45:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-f71b0027614c4547bf1ddc269e83e4d02022-12-22T01:26:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2022-08-011010.3389/fenvs.2022.986866986866Remediation of nitrate contaminated groundwater using a simulated PRB system with an La–CTAC–modified biochar fillerSen Li0Sen Li1Yong Wu2Fuyu Nie3Weiguo Tu4Xueling Li5Xuemei Luo6Yong Luo7Hua Fan8Tao Song9College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, ChinaSichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, ChinaSichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, ChinaSichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, ChinaSichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, ChinaSichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, ChinaIn the present study, the Erigeron canadensis L., a typical invasive plant in Southwest China, was utilized as the raw material to prepare original biochar (ECL), a rare earth element La–modified biochar (La–ECL), and a rare earth element La coupling cationic surfactant [cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC)]–modified biochar (La/CTAC–ECL). These materials were then added to simulated permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) and their nitrate (NO3−) contaminant remediation performances were evaluated in groundwater. The results show that the breakthrough time for NO3− in a simulated PRB column increases as the concentration of the influent NO3− and the flow rate decreases, whereas with the increases of filler particle size and the height of the filler in the column initially increases, and then decreases. Considering an initial NO3− concentration of 50 mg L−1, and a filler particle size range of 0.8–1.2 mm, the maximum adsorption capacity of the La/CTAC–ECL column for NO3− is 18.99 mg g−1 for a filler column height of 10 cm and an influent flow rate of 15 ml min−1. The maximum quantity of adsorbed NO3− of 372.80 mg is obtained using a filler column height of 15 cm and an influent flow rate of 10 ml min−1. The Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models accurately predict the breakthrough of NO3− in groundwater in the simulated PRB column under different conditions, and the results are consistent with those from dynamic NO3− adsorption experiments. TEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses demonstrate that the modification using the La and CTAC improves the surface structure, porosity, permeability, and configuration of functional groups of the biochar. The mechanisms of NO3− removal from groundwater using the La/CTAC–ECL include pore filling, surface adsorption, ion exchange, and electrostatic adsorption. The composite La/CTAC–ECL exhibits a superior potential for the remediation of NO3− contaminated groundwater.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.986866/fullnitrategroundwaterbiochar compositepermeable reactive barrieradsorption |
| spellingShingle | Sen Li Sen Li Yong Wu Fuyu Nie Weiguo Tu Xueling Li Xuemei Luo Yong Luo Hua Fan Tao Song Remediation of nitrate contaminated groundwater using a simulated PRB system with an La–CTAC–modified biochar filler Frontiers in Environmental Science nitrate groundwater biochar composite permeable reactive barrier adsorption |
| title | Remediation of nitrate contaminated groundwater using a simulated PRB system with an La–CTAC–modified biochar filler |
| title_full | Remediation of nitrate contaminated groundwater using a simulated PRB system with an La–CTAC–modified biochar filler |
| title_fullStr | Remediation of nitrate contaminated groundwater using a simulated PRB system with an La–CTAC–modified biochar filler |
| title_full_unstemmed | Remediation of nitrate contaminated groundwater using a simulated PRB system with an La–CTAC–modified biochar filler |
| title_short | Remediation of nitrate contaminated groundwater using a simulated PRB system with an La–CTAC–modified biochar filler |
| title_sort | remediation of nitrate contaminated groundwater using a simulated prb system with an la ctac modified biochar filler |
| topic | nitrate groundwater biochar composite permeable reactive barrier adsorption |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.986866/full |
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