An XPS Investigation of Hydrothermal and Commercial Barium Titanate Powders
Hydrothermal and commercial barium titanate powders were examined for undesirable impurity phases. Compositional differences in the powder were evaluated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and x-ray photoelectron spectros...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hosokawa Powder Technology Foundation
2014-06-01
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| Series: | KONA Powder and Particle Journal |
| Online Access: | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kona/8/0/8_1990017/_pdf/-char/en |
| Summary: | Hydrothermal and commercial barium titanate powders were examined for undesirable impurity phases. Compositional differences in the powder were evaluated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A barium-rich impurity phase, virtually undetectable by XRD, was detected via XPS. Barium impurity phase peaks were detected at binding energies @1.5 eV higher than those characteristic of barium in a barium titanate bonding state for both the Ba 3d and Ba 4d transitions. Simple curve-fitting techniques were used to quantify the percentage of barium in a barium titanate bonding state versus another barium bonding state for each set of doublets. The barium impurity bonding state accounted for 20-50 mol% of the barium detected by XPS. |
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| ISSN: | 0288-4534 2187-5537 |