An XPS Investigation of Hydrothermal and Commercial Barium Titanate Powders
Hydrothermal and commercial barium titanate powders were examined for undesirable impurity phases. Compositional differences in the powder were evaluated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and x-ray photoelectron spectros...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Hosokawa Powder Technology Foundation
2014-06-01
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| Series: | KONA Powder and Particle Journal |
| Online Access: | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kona/8/0/8_1990017/_pdf/-char/en |
| _version_ | 1818459005052256256 |
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| author | C. C. Hung R. E. Riman |
| author_facet | C. C. Hung R. E. Riman |
| author_sort | C. C. Hung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydrothermal and commercial barium titanate powders were examined for undesirable impurity phases. Compositional differences in the powder were evaluated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A barium-rich impurity phase, virtually undetectable by XRD, was detected via XPS. Barium impurity phase peaks were detected at binding energies @1.5 eV higher than those characteristic of barium in a barium titanate bonding state for both the Ba 3d and Ba 4d transitions. Simple curve-fitting techniques were used to quantify the percentage of barium in a barium titanate bonding state versus another barium bonding state for each set of doublets. The barium impurity bonding state accounted for 20-50 mol% of the barium detected by XPS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T23:07:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f721ac55dce44c0ea71740d298ad05e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0288-4534 2187-5537 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T23:07:28Z |
| publishDate | 2014-06-01 |
| publisher | Hosokawa Powder Technology Foundation |
| record_format | Article |
| series | KONA Powder and Particle Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-f721ac55dce44c0ea71740d298ad05e92022-12-21T22:44:17ZengHosokawa Powder Technology FoundationKONA Powder and Particle Journal0288-45342187-55372014-06-01809910410.14356/kona.1990017konaAn XPS Investigation of Hydrothermal and Commercial Barium Titanate PowdersC. C. Hung0R. E. Riman1Department of Ceramics, Rutgers UniversityDepartment of Ceramics, Rutgers UniversityHydrothermal and commercial barium titanate powders were examined for undesirable impurity phases. Compositional differences in the powder were evaluated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A barium-rich impurity phase, virtually undetectable by XRD, was detected via XPS. Barium impurity phase peaks were detected at binding energies @1.5 eV higher than those characteristic of barium in a barium titanate bonding state for both the Ba 3d and Ba 4d transitions. Simple curve-fitting techniques were used to quantify the percentage of barium in a barium titanate bonding state versus another barium bonding state for each set of doublets. The barium impurity bonding state accounted for 20-50 mol% of the barium detected by XPS.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kona/8/0/8_1990017/_pdf/-char/en |
| spellingShingle | C. C. Hung R. E. Riman An XPS Investigation of Hydrothermal and Commercial Barium Titanate Powders KONA Powder and Particle Journal |
| title | An XPS Investigation of Hydrothermal and Commercial Barium Titanate Powders |
| title_full | An XPS Investigation of Hydrothermal and Commercial Barium Titanate Powders |
| title_fullStr | An XPS Investigation of Hydrothermal and Commercial Barium Titanate Powders |
| title_full_unstemmed | An XPS Investigation of Hydrothermal and Commercial Barium Titanate Powders |
| title_short | An XPS Investigation of Hydrothermal and Commercial Barium Titanate Powders |
| title_sort | xps investigation of hydrothermal and commercial barium titanate powders |
| url | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kona/8/0/8_1990017/_pdf/-char/en |
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