Acylation of Anisole With Benzoyl Chloride Over Rapidly Synthesized Fly Ash–Based HBEA Zeolite
Stable HBEA zeolite with high surface area and strong acid sites was synthesized from coal fly ash–based silica extract via indirect hydrothermal synthesis. The rapid HBEA hydrothermal crystallization times of 8, 10, and 12 h were achieved through a reduced molar water fraction in the synthesis comp...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2021.683125/full |
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| author | Alechine E. Ameh Nicholas M. Musyoka Oluwaseun Oyekola Benoit Louis Leslie F. Petrik |
| author_facet | Alechine E. Ameh Nicholas M. Musyoka Oluwaseun Oyekola Benoit Louis Leslie F. Petrik |
| author_sort | Alechine E. Ameh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stable HBEA zeolite with high surface area and strong acid sites was synthesized from coal fly ash–based silica extract via indirect hydrothermal synthesis. The rapid HBEA hydrothermal crystallization times of 8, 10, and 12 h were achieved through a reduced molar water fraction in the synthesis composition. The HBEA zeolites prepared from fly ash silica extract exhibited well-defined spheroidal-shaped crystal morphology with uniform particle sizes of 192, 190, or 239 nm obtained after 8, 10, or 12 h of synthesis time, respectively. The high surface area and the microporous area of 702 and 722 m2/g were achieved as a function of shorter hydrothermal synthesis durations (10 and 24 h, respectively) compared to 48 or 72 h, which resulted in HBEA zeolites with lower surface areas of 538 and 670 m2/g. Likewise, temperature-programmed desorption measurements of fly ash–based HBEA zeolites revealed the presence of weak and strong acid sites in the zeolite. The submicron crystal sizes with a well-defined porosity of HBEA zeolites enhanced the diffusion of anisole and benzoyl chloride molecules toward the active acid sites and hence showed better conversion and selectivity in acylation products. High conversion of benzoyl chloride with anisole was achieved, reaching up to 83% with a 93–96% selectivity toward 4-methoxyacetophenone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:26:30Z |
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| issn | 2296-2646 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:26:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-f72203fc908346bdaf7c5b2cd1d1d20c2022-12-21T19:07:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462021-06-01910.3389/fchem.2021.683125683125Acylation of Anisole With Benzoyl Chloride Over Rapidly Synthesized Fly Ash–Based HBEA ZeoliteAlechine E. Ameh0Nicholas M. Musyoka1Oluwaseun Oyekola2Benoit Louis3Leslie F. Petrik4Environmental and Nano Science Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South AfricaCentre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials (CeNAM), Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South AfricaInstitut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR 7515, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, FranceEnvironmental and Nano Science Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South AfricaStable HBEA zeolite with high surface area and strong acid sites was synthesized from coal fly ash–based silica extract via indirect hydrothermal synthesis. The rapid HBEA hydrothermal crystallization times of 8, 10, and 12 h were achieved through a reduced molar water fraction in the synthesis composition. The HBEA zeolites prepared from fly ash silica extract exhibited well-defined spheroidal-shaped crystal morphology with uniform particle sizes of 192, 190, or 239 nm obtained after 8, 10, or 12 h of synthesis time, respectively. The high surface area and the microporous area of 702 and 722 m2/g were achieved as a function of shorter hydrothermal synthesis durations (10 and 24 h, respectively) compared to 48 or 72 h, which resulted in HBEA zeolites with lower surface areas of 538 and 670 m2/g. Likewise, temperature-programmed desorption measurements of fly ash–based HBEA zeolites revealed the presence of weak and strong acid sites in the zeolite. The submicron crystal sizes with a well-defined porosity of HBEA zeolites enhanced the diffusion of anisole and benzoyl chloride molecules toward the active acid sites and hence showed better conversion and selectivity in acylation products. High conversion of benzoyl chloride with anisole was achieved, reaching up to 83% with a 93–96% selectivity toward 4-methoxyacetophenone.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2021.683125/fullcoal fly ashHBEA zeolitemolar compositionacylation reactionconversionselectivity |
| spellingShingle | Alechine E. Ameh Nicholas M. Musyoka Oluwaseun Oyekola Benoit Louis Leslie F. Petrik Acylation of Anisole With Benzoyl Chloride Over Rapidly Synthesized Fly Ash–Based HBEA Zeolite Frontiers in Chemistry coal fly ash HBEA zeolite molar composition acylation reaction conversion selectivity |
| title | Acylation of Anisole With Benzoyl Chloride Over Rapidly Synthesized Fly Ash–Based HBEA Zeolite |
| title_full | Acylation of Anisole With Benzoyl Chloride Over Rapidly Synthesized Fly Ash–Based HBEA Zeolite |
| title_fullStr | Acylation of Anisole With Benzoyl Chloride Over Rapidly Synthesized Fly Ash–Based HBEA Zeolite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acylation of Anisole With Benzoyl Chloride Over Rapidly Synthesized Fly Ash–Based HBEA Zeolite |
| title_short | Acylation of Anisole With Benzoyl Chloride Over Rapidly Synthesized Fly Ash–Based HBEA Zeolite |
| title_sort | acylation of anisole with benzoyl chloride over rapidly synthesized fly ash based hbea zeolite |
| topic | coal fly ash HBEA zeolite molar composition acylation reaction conversion selectivity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2021.683125/full |
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