Development and application of feature engineered geological layers for ranking magmatic, volcanogenic, and orogenic system components in Archean greenstone belts
Geologically representative feature engineering is a crucial component in geoscientific applications of machine learning. Many commonly applied feature engineering techniques used to produce input variables for machine learning apply geological knowledge to generic data science techniques, which can...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Geoscience Frontiers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987123002268 |
| _version_ | 1797311618031288320 |
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| author | R.M. Montsion S. Perrouty M.D. Lindsay M.W. Jessell R. Sherlock |
| author_facet | R.M. Montsion S. Perrouty M.D. Lindsay M.W. Jessell R. Sherlock |
| author_sort | R.M. Montsion |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Geologically representative feature engineering is a crucial component in geoscientific applications of machine learning. Many commonly applied feature engineering techniques used to produce input variables for machine learning apply geological knowledge to generic data science techniques, which can lead to ambiguity, geological oversimplification, and/or compounding subjective bias. Workflows that utilize minimally processed input variables attempt to overcome these issues, but often lead to convoluted and uninterpretable results. To address these challenges, new and enhanced feature engineering methods were developed by combining geological knowledge, understanding of data limitations, and a variety of data science techniques. These include non-Euclidean fluid pre-deformation path distance, rheological and chemical contrast, geologically constrained interpolation of characteristic host rock geochemistry, interpolation of mobile element gain/loss, assemblages, magnetic intensity, structural complexity, host rock physical properties. These methods were applied to compiled open-source and new field observations from Archean greenstone terranes in the Abitibi and western Wabigoon sub-provinces of the Superior Province near Timmins and Dryden, Ontario, respectively. Resulting feature maps represent conceptually significant components in magmatic, volcanogenic, and orogenic mineral systems. A comparison of ranked feature importance from random forests to conceptual mineral system models show that the feature maps adequately represent system components, with a few exceptions attributed to biased training data or limited constraint data. The study also highlights the shared importance of several highly ranked features for the three mineral systems, indicating that spatially related mineral systems exploit the same features when available. Comparing feature importance when classifying orogenic Au mineralization in Timmins and Dryden provides insights into the possible cause of contrasting endowment being related to fluid source. The study demonstrates that integrative studies leveraging multi-disciplinary data and methodology have the potential to advance geological understanding, maximize data utility, and generate robust exploration targets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T02:02:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f728661e4ffb4a6e944689bb0ffad537 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1674-9871 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T02:02:21Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geoscience Frontiers |
| spelling | doaj.art-f728661e4ffb4a6e944689bb0ffad5372024-02-14T05:14:14ZengElsevierGeoscience Frontiers1674-98712024-03-01152101759Development and application of feature engineered geological layers for ranking magmatic, volcanogenic, and orogenic system components in Archean greenstone beltsR.M. Montsion0S. Perrouty1M.D. Lindsay2M.W. Jessell3R. Sherlock4Mineral Exploration Research Centre, Harquail School of Earth Sciences, Goodman School of Mines, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada; Centre for Exploration Targeting, School of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Mineral Resources, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia; Corresponding author.Mineral Exploration Research Centre, Harquail School of Earth Sciences, Goodman School of Mines, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, CanadaCentre for Exploration Targeting, School of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Mineral Resources, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia; ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments (DARE), Perth and Sydney, AustraliaCentre for Exploration Targeting, School of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia; ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments (DARE), Perth and Sydney, AustraliaMineral Exploration Research Centre, Harquail School of Earth Sciences, Goodman School of Mines, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, CanadaGeologically representative feature engineering is a crucial component in geoscientific applications of machine learning. Many commonly applied feature engineering techniques used to produce input variables for machine learning apply geological knowledge to generic data science techniques, which can lead to ambiguity, geological oversimplification, and/or compounding subjective bias. Workflows that utilize minimally processed input variables attempt to overcome these issues, but often lead to convoluted and uninterpretable results. To address these challenges, new and enhanced feature engineering methods were developed by combining geological knowledge, understanding of data limitations, and a variety of data science techniques. These include non-Euclidean fluid pre-deformation path distance, rheological and chemical contrast, geologically constrained interpolation of characteristic host rock geochemistry, interpolation of mobile element gain/loss, assemblages, magnetic intensity, structural complexity, host rock physical properties. These methods were applied to compiled open-source and new field observations from Archean greenstone terranes in the Abitibi and western Wabigoon sub-provinces of the Superior Province near Timmins and Dryden, Ontario, respectively. Resulting feature maps represent conceptually significant components in magmatic, volcanogenic, and orogenic mineral systems. A comparison of ranked feature importance from random forests to conceptual mineral system models show that the feature maps adequately represent system components, with a few exceptions attributed to biased training data or limited constraint data. The study also highlights the shared importance of several highly ranked features for the three mineral systems, indicating that spatially related mineral systems exploit the same features when available. Comparing feature importance when classifying orogenic Au mineralization in Timmins and Dryden provides insights into the possible cause of contrasting endowment being related to fluid source. The study demonstrates that integrative studies leveraging multi-disciplinary data and methodology have the potential to advance geological understanding, maximize data utility, and generate robust exploration targets.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987123002268Machine learningRandom forestsMineral systemsMagmatic Ni-Cu-PGEVolcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS) Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag(-Au)Orogenic Au |
| spellingShingle | R.M. Montsion S. Perrouty M.D. Lindsay M.W. Jessell R. Sherlock Development and application of feature engineered geological layers for ranking magmatic, volcanogenic, and orogenic system components in Archean greenstone belts Geoscience Frontiers Machine learning Random forests Mineral systems Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS) Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag(-Au) Orogenic Au |
| title | Development and application of feature engineered geological layers for ranking magmatic, volcanogenic, and orogenic system components in Archean greenstone belts |
| title_full | Development and application of feature engineered geological layers for ranking magmatic, volcanogenic, and orogenic system components in Archean greenstone belts |
| title_fullStr | Development and application of feature engineered geological layers for ranking magmatic, volcanogenic, and orogenic system components in Archean greenstone belts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and application of feature engineered geological layers for ranking magmatic, volcanogenic, and orogenic system components in Archean greenstone belts |
| title_short | Development and application of feature engineered geological layers for ranking magmatic, volcanogenic, and orogenic system components in Archean greenstone belts |
| title_sort | development and application of feature engineered geological layers for ranking magmatic volcanogenic and orogenic system components in archean greenstone belts |
| topic | Machine learning Random forests Mineral systems Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS) Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag(-Au) Orogenic Au |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987123002268 |
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