A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure<sup>®</sup> Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model
The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of Carnipure<sup>®</sup> Tartrate (CT) supplementation with or without exercise on endurance capacity, recovery, and fatigue by assessing time to exhaustion as well as body weight and composition in rats. In addition, antioxidant c...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| author | Kazim Sahin Cemal Orhan Osman Kucuk Nurhan Sahin Mehmet Tuzcu Besir Er Shane Durkee Aouatef Bellamine |
| author_facet | Kazim Sahin Cemal Orhan Osman Kucuk Nurhan Sahin Mehmet Tuzcu Besir Er Shane Durkee Aouatef Bellamine |
| author_sort | Kazim Sahin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of Carnipure<sup>®</sup> Tartrate (CT) supplementation with or without exercise on endurance capacity, recovery, and fatigue by assessing time to exhaustion as well as body weight and composition in rats. In addition, antioxidant capacity has been evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathioneperoxidase; GSHPx) activities. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups including seven rats each. A control group did not receive CT nor exercise. Another control group received 200 mg/kg CT without exercise. The other six groups of rats went through an exercise regimen consisting of a 5-day training period with incremental exercise capacity, which was followed by 6 weeks of the run at 25 m/min for 45 min every day. CT was supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg per day during the 6 weeks. Rats submitted to exercise and supplemented with CT had a significant and dose-dependent increase in time to exhaustion and this effect seems to be independent of exercise (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, recovery and fatigue were improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent decrease in myoglobin and lactic acid plasma levels, which are two markers of muscle recovery. CT supplementation led to a dose-response decrease in body weight and visceral fat. These effects become significant at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent increase in SOD, CAT, and GSHPx. Serum MDA concentrations decreased in exercising rats with CT supplementation. CT supplementation led to a decrease in serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol concentrations with the lowest levels observed at 400 mg/kg dose (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These effects correlated with a significant dose-dependent increase in serum total L-carnitine, free L-carnitine, and acetyl-carnitine, which linked the observed efficacy to CT supplementation. These results demonstrate that CT supplementation during exercise provides benefits on exercise performance, recovery, and fatigue as well as improved the lipid profile and antioxidant capacity. The lowest dose leads to some of these effects seen in rats where 25 mg/kg corresponds to 250 mg/day as a human equivalent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:39:11Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f73e4e32b013464991e43f6baa957bd82023-11-20T01:30:15ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-05-01125151910.3390/nu12051519A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure<sup>®</sup> Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat ModelKazim Sahin0Cemal Orhan1Osman Kucuk2Nurhan Sahin3Mehmet Tuzcu4Besir Er5Shane Durkee6Aouatef Bellamine7Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, TurkeyDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, TurkeyDepartment of Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, TurkeyDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, TurkeyDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, TurkeyDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, TurkeyLonza Consumer Health Inc., Morristown, NJ 07960, USALonza Consumer Health Inc., Morristown, NJ 07960, USAThe objective of this work is to investigate the effects of Carnipure<sup>®</sup> Tartrate (CT) supplementation with or without exercise on endurance capacity, recovery, and fatigue by assessing time to exhaustion as well as body weight and composition in rats. In addition, antioxidant capacity has been evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathioneperoxidase; GSHPx) activities. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups including seven rats each. A control group did not receive CT nor exercise. Another control group received 200 mg/kg CT without exercise. The other six groups of rats went through an exercise regimen consisting of a 5-day training period with incremental exercise capacity, which was followed by 6 weeks of the run at 25 m/min for 45 min every day. CT was supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg per day during the 6 weeks. Rats submitted to exercise and supplemented with CT had a significant and dose-dependent increase in time to exhaustion and this effect seems to be independent of exercise (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, recovery and fatigue were improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent decrease in myoglobin and lactic acid plasma levels, which are two markers of muscle recovery. CT supplementation led to a dose-response decrease in body weight and visceral fat. These effects become significant at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent increase in SOD, CAT, and GSHPx. Serum MDA concentrations decreased in exercising rats with CT supplementation. CT supplementation led to a decrease in serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol concentrations with the lowest levels observed at 400 mg/kg dose (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These effects correlated with a significant dose-dependent increase in serum total L-carnitine, free L-carnitine, and acetyl-carnitine, which linked the observed efficacy to CT supplementation. These results demonstrate that CT supplementation during exercise provides benefits on exercise performance, recovery, and fatigue as well as improved the lipid profile and antioxidant capacity. The lowest dose leads to some of these effects seen in rats where 25 mg/kg corresponds to 250 mg/day as a human equivalent.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1519L-carnitinerecoveryexerciseendurancefatiguebody mass index |
| spellingShingle | Kazim Sahin Cemal Orhan Osman Kucuk Nurhan Sahin Mehmet Tuzcu Besir Er Shane Durkee Aouatef Bellamine A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure<sup>®</sup> Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model Nutrients L-carnitine recovery exercise endurance fatigue body mass index |
| title | A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure<sup>®</sup> Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model |
| title_full | A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure<sup>®</sup> Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model |
| title_fullStr | A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure<sup>®</sup> Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure<sup>®</sup> Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model |
| title_short | A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure<sup>®</sup> Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model |
| title_sort | dose dependent effect of carnipure sup r sup tartrate supplementation on endurance capacity recovery and body composition in an exercise rat model |
| topic | L-carnitine recovery exercise endurance fatigue body mass index |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1519 |
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