Scientific Evidence about the Risks of Micro and Nanoplastics (MNPLs) to Human Health and Their Exposure Routes through the Environment
Nowadays, a large amount and variety of plastic is being produced and consumed by human beings on an enormous scale. Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPLs) have become ubiquitous since they can be found in many ecosystem components. Plastic particles can be found in soil, water, and air. The routes...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/6/308 |
| _version_ | 1797481870217183232 |
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| author | Ana Clara Bastos Rodrigues Gabriel Pereira de Jesus Dunia Waked Gabriel Leandro Gomes Thamires Moraes Silva Victor Yuji Yariwake Mariane Paula da Silva Antônio José Magaldi Mariana Matera Veras |
| author_facet | Ana Clara Bastos Rodrigues Gabriel Pereira de Jesus Dunia Waked Gabriel Leandro Gomes Thamires Moraes Silva Victor Yuji Yariwake Mariane Paula da Silva Antônio José Magaldi Mariana Matera Veras |
| author_sort | Ana Clara Bastos Rodrigues |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nowadays, a large amount and variety of plastic is being produced and consumed by human beings on an enormous scale. Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPLs) have become ubiquitous since they can be found in many ecosystem components. Plastic particles can be found in soil, water, and air. The routes of human exposure are numerous, mainly involving ingestion and inhalation. Once ingested, these particles interact with the gastrointestinal tract and digestive fluids. They can adsorb substances such as additives, heavy metals, proteins, or even microorganisms on their surface, which can cause toxicity. During inhalation, they can be inhaled according to their respective sizes. Studies have reported that exposure to MNPLs can cause damage to the respiratory tract, creating problems such as bronchitis, asthma, fibrosis, and pneumothorax. The reports of boards and committees indicate that there is little data published and available on the toxicity of MNPLs as well as the exposure levels in humans. Despite the well-established concept of MNPLs, their characteristics, and presence in the environment, little is known about their real effects on human health and the environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:20:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f741a74e56e94aadb29f0699d79bad6c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:20:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-f741a74e56e94aadb29f0699d79bad6c2023-11-23T19:16:05ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-06-0110630810.3390/toxics10060308Scientific Evidence about the Risks of Micro and Nanoplastics (MNPLs) to Human Health and Their Exposure Routes through the EnvironmentAna Clara Bastos Rodrigues0Gabriel Pereira de Jesus1Dunia Waked2Gabriel Leandro Gomes3Thamires Moraes Silva4Victor Yuji Yariwake5Mariane Paula da Silva6Antônio José Magaldi7Mariana Matera Veras8Laboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, BrazilLaboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, BrazilLaboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, BrazilLaboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, BrazilLaboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, BrazilLaboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, BrazilLaboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, BrazilKidney Research Laboratory–LIM12, Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, BrazilLaboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, BrazilNowadays, a large amount and variety of plastic is being produced and consumed by human beings on an enormous scale. Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPLs) have become ubiquitous since they can be found in many ecosystem components. Plastic particles can be found in soil, water, and air. The routes of human exposure are numerous, mainly involving ingestion and inhalation. Once ingested, these particles interact with the gastrointestinal tract and digestive fluids. They can adsorb substances such as additives, heavy metals, proteins, or even microorganisms on their surface, which can cause toxicity. During inhalation, they can be inhaled according to their respective sizes. Studies have reported that exposure to MNPLs can cause damage to the respiratory tract, creating problems such as bronchitis, asthma, fibrosis, and pneumothorax. The reports of boards and committees indicate that there is little data published and available on the toxicity of MNPLs as well as the exposure levels in humans. Despite the well-established concept of MNPLs, their characteristics, and presence in the environment, little is known about their real effects on human health and the environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/6/308microplasticsecosystemhuman healthtoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Ana Clara Bastos Rodrigues Gabriel Pereira de Jesus Dunia Waked Gabriel Leandro Gomes Thamires Moraes Silva Victor Yuji Yariwake Mariane Paula da Silva Antônio José Magaldi Mariana Matera Veras Scientific Evidence about the Risks of Micro and Nanoplastics (MNPLs) to Human Health and Their Exposure Routes through the Environment Toxics microplastics ecosystem human health toxicity |
| title | Scientific Evidence about the Risks of Micro and Nanoplastics (MNPLs) to Human Health and Their Exposure Routes through the Environment |
| title_full | Scientific Evidence about the Risks of Micro and Nanoplastics (MNPLs) to Human Health and Their Exposure Routes through the Environment |
| title_fullStr | Scientific Evidence about the Risks of Micro and Nanoplastics (MNPLs) to Human Health and Their Exposure Routes through the Environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scientific Evidence about the Risks of Micro and Nanoplastics (MNPLs) to Human Health and Their Exposure Routes through the Environment |
| title_short | Scientific Evidence about the Risks of Micro and Nanoplastics (MNPLs) to Human Health and Their Exposure Routes through the Environment |
| title_sort | scientific evidence about the risks of micro and nanoplastics mnpls to human health and their exposure routes through the environment |
| topic | microplastics ecosystem human health toxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/6/308 |
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