Human Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine Pharmacokinetics after Single and Multiple Daily Doses of Oral Encapsulated Dried Kratom Leaf Powder

Human Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine Pharmacokinetics after Single and Multiple Daily Doses of Oral Encapsulated Dried Kratom Leaf Powder

Kratom leaves, consumed by millions worldwide as tea or ground leaf powder, contain multiple alkaloids, with mitragynine being the most abundant and responsible for most effects. Mitragynine is a partial µ-opioid receptor agonist and competitive antagonist at κ- and δ-opioid receptors; however, unli...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Marilyn A. Huestis, Martin A. Brett, John Bothmer, Ramsey Atallah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-02-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
mass spectrometry
metabolism
analytical toxicology
mitragynine
kratom
7-hydroxymitragynine
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/5/984

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