Does a Higher Protein Diet Promote Satiety and Weight Loss Independent of Carbohydrate Content? An 8-Week Low-Energy Diet (LED) Intervention
Both higher protein (HP) and lower carbohydrate (LC) diets may promote satiety and enhance body weight (BW) loss. This study investigated whether HP can promote these outcomes independent of carbohydrate (CHO) content. 121 women with obesity (BW: 95.1 ± 13.0 kg, BMI: 35.4 ± 3.9 kg/m<sup>2</...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/3/538 |
| _version_ | 1797485659836907520 |
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| author | Jia Jiet Lim Yutong Liu Louise Weiwei Lu Daniel Barnett Ivana R. Sequeira Sally D. Poppitt |
| author_facet | Jia Jiet Lim Yutong Liu Louise Weiwei Lu Daniel Barnett Ivana R. Sequeira Sally D. Poppitt |
| author_sort | Jia Jiet Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Both higher protein (HP) and lower carbohydrate (LC) diets may promote satiety and enhance body weight (BW) loss. This study investigated whether HP can promote these outcomes independent of carbohydrate (CHO) content. 121 women with obesity (BW: 95.1 ± 13.0 kg, BMI: 35.4 ± 3.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomised to either HP (1.2 g/kg BW) or normal protein (NP, 0.8 g/kg BW) diets, in combination with either LC (28 en%) or normal CHO (NC, 40 en%) diets. A low-energy diet partial diet replacement (LED<sub>pdr</sub>) regime was used for 8 weeks, where participants consumed fixed-energy meal replacements plus one <i>ad libitum</i> meal daily. Four-day dietary records showed that daily energy intake (EI) was similar between groups (<i>p</i> = 0.744), but the difference in protein and CHO between groups was lower than expected. Following multiple imputation (completion rate 77%), decrease in mean BW, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) at Week 8 in all was 7.5 ± 0.7 kg (<i>p</i> < 0.001), 5.7 ± 0.5 kg (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and 1.4 ± 0.7 kg (<i>p</i> = 0.054) respectively, but with no significant difference between diet groups. LC (CHO×Week, <i>p</i> < 0.05), but not HP, significantly promoted postprandial satiety during a preload challenge. Improvements in blood biomarkers were unrelated to LED<sub>pdr</sub> macronutrient composition. In conclusion, HP did not promote satiety and BW loss compared to NP LED<sub>pdr</sub>, irrespective of CHO content. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:21:53Z |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:21:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-f75f5cefec6d413099b52b23dad49d0e2023-11-23T17:25:22ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-01-0114353810.3390/nu14030538Does a Higher Protein Diet Promote Satiety and Weight Loss Independent of Carbohydrate Content? An 8-Week Low-Energy Diet (LED) InterventionJia Jiet Lim0Yutong Liu1Louise Weiwei Lu2Daniel Barnett3Ivana R. Sequeira4Sally D. Poppitt5Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New ZealandHuman Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New ZealandHuman Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New ZealandDepartment of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New ZealandHuman Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New ZealandHuman Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New ZealandBoth higher protein (HP) and lower carbohydrate (LC) diets may promote satiety and enhance body weight (BW) loss. This study investigated whether HP can promote these outcomes independent of carbohydrate (CHO) content. 121 women with obesity (BW: 95.1 ± 13.0 kg, BMI: 35.4 ± 3.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomised to either HP (1.2 g/kg BW) or normal protein (NP, 0.8 g/kg BW) diets, in combination with either LC (28 en%) or normal CHO (NC, 40 en%) diets. A low-energy diet partial diet replacement (LED<sub>pdr</sub>) regime was used for 8 weeks, where participants consumed fixed-energy meal replacements plus one <i>ad libitum</i> meal daily. Four-day dietary records showed that daily energy intake (EI) was similar between groups (<i>p</i> = 0.744), but the difference in protein and CHO between groups was lower than expected. Following multiple imputation (completion rate 77%), decrease in mean BW, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) at Week 8 in all was 7.5 ± 0.7 kg (<i>p</i> < 0.001), 5.7 ± 0.5 kg (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and 1.4 ± 0.7 kg (<i>p</i> = 0.054) respectively, but with no significant difference between diet groups. LC (CHO×Week, <i>p</i> < 0.05), but not HP, significantly promoted postprandial satiety during a preload challenge. Improvements in blood biomarkers were unrelated to LED<sub>pdr</sub> macronutrient composition. In conclusion, HP did not promote satiety and BW loss compared to NP LED<sub>pdr</sub>, irrespective of CHO content.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/3/538low-energy dietpartial diet replacementbody compositionenergy intakeappetite regulationgut peptides |
| spellingShingle | Jia Jiet Lim Yutong Liu Louise Weiwei Lu Daniel Barnett Ivana R. Sequeira Sally D. Poppitt Does a Higher Protein Diet Promote Satiety and Weight Loss Independent of Carbohydrate Content? An 8-Week Low-Energy Diet (LED) Intervention Nutrients low-energy diet partial diet replacement body composition energy intake appetite regulation gut peptides |
| title | Does a Higher Protein Diet Promote Satiety and Weight Loss Independent of Carbohydrate Content? An 8-Week Low-Energy Diet (LED) Intervention |
| title_full | Does a Higher Protein Diet Promote Satiety and Weight Loss Independent of Carbohydrate Content? An 8-Week Low-Energy Diet (LED) Intervention |
| title_fullStr | Does a Higher Protein Diet Promote Satiety and Weight Loss Independent of Carbohydrate Content? An 8-Week Low-Energy Diet (LED) Intervention |
| title_full_unstemmed | Does a Higher Protein Diet Promote Satiety and Weight Loss Independent of Carbohydrate Content? An 8-Week Low-Energy Diet (LED) Intervention |
| title_short | Does a Higher Protein Diet Promote Satiety and Weight Loss Independent of Carbohydrate Content? An 8-Week Low-Energy Diet (LED) Intervention |
| title_sort | does a higher protein diet promote satiety and weight loss independent of carbohydrate content an 8 week low energy diet led intervention |
| topic | low-energy diet partial diet replacement body composition energy intake appetite regulation gut peptides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/3/538 |
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