Magnetic <i>ε</i>-Phosphorene for Sensing Greenhouse Gas Molecules
It is critical for gas sensors that sense greenhouse gas molecules to have both good sensitivity and selectivity for water molecules in the ambient environment. Here, we study the charge transfer, IV curves, and electric field tuning of vanadium-doped monolayer <inline-formula><math xmlns=&...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/14/5402 |
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| author | Zengyao Wang Hao Wu Qingyun Wu Yi-Ming Zhao Lei Shen |
| author_facet | Zengyao Wang Hao Wu Qingyun Wu Yi-Ming Zhao Lei Shen |
| author_sort | Zengyao Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It is critical for gas sensors that sense greenhouse gas molecules to have both good sensitivity and selectivity for water molecules in the ambient environment. Here, we study the charge transfer, IV curves, and electric field tuning of vanadium-doped monolayer <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ϵ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-phosphorene as a sensor for NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>O gas molecules via first-principle and transport calculations. We find that the paramagnetic toxic molecules of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> have a high adsorption energy on V-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ϵ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-phosphorene, which originates from a large amount of charge transfer driven by the hybridisation of the localised spin states of the host with the molecular frontier orbital. Using the non-equilibrium Green’s function, we investigate the IV responses with respect to the adsorption of different molecules to study the performance of gas molecule sensors. Our IV curves show a larger amount of changes in resistance of the paramagnetic NO and NO<sub>2</sub> than nonmagnetic H<sub>2</sub>O gas molecules, suggesting both sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, our calculations show that an applied external electric field (gate voltage) can effectively tune the amount of charge transfer. More charge transfer makes the sensor more sensitive to the molecule, while less charge transfer can reduce the adsorption energy and remove the adsorbed molecules, allowing for the repeated use of the sensor. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:47:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f75fc469ed87412d8cdc4d7c6bb70365 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:47:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-f75fc469ed87412d8cdc4d7c6bb703652023-11-18T20:41:35ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-07-012814540210.3390/molecules28145402Magnetic <i>ε</i>-Phosphorene for Sensing Greenhouse Gas MoleculesZengyao Wang0Hao Wu1Qingyun Wu2Yi-Ming Zhao3Lei Shen4Engineering Science Programme, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, SingaporeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, SingaporeScience, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, SingaporeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, SingaporeEngineering Science Programme, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, SingaporeIt is critical for gas sensors that sense greenhouse gas molecules to have both good sensitivity and selectivity for water molecules in the ambient environment. Here, we study the charge transfer, IV curves, and electric field tuning of vanadium-doped monolayer <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ϵ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-phosphorene as a sensor for NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>O gas molecules via first-principle and transport calculations. We find that the paramagnetic toxic molecules of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> have a high adsorption energy on V-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ϵ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-phosphorene, which originates from a large amount of charge transfer driven by the hybridisation of the localised spin states of the host with the molecular frontier orbital. Using the non-equilibrium Green’s function, we investigate the IV responses with respect to the adsorption of different molecules to study the performance of gas molecule sensors. Our IV curves show a larger amount of changes in resistance of the paramagnetic NO and NO<sub>2</sub> than nonmagnetic H<sub>2</sub>O gas molecules, suggesting both sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, our calculations show that an applied external electric field (gate voltage) can effectively tune the amount of charge transfer. More charge transfer makes the sensor more sensitive to the molecule, while less charge transfer can reduce the adsorption energy and remove the adsorbed molecules, allowing for the repeated use of the sensor.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/14/5402gas sensortoxic gasesphosphorene2D materialsDFT calculations |
| spellingShingle | Zengyao Wang Hao Wu Qingyun Wu Yi-Ming Zhao Lei Shen Magnetic <i>ε</i>-Phosphorene for Sensing Greenhouse Gas Molecules Molecules gas sensor toxic gases phosphorene 2D materials DFT calculations |
| title | Magnetic <i>ε</i>-Phosphorene for Sensing Greenhouse Gas Molecules |
| title_full | Magnetic <i>ε</i>-Phosphorene for Sensing Greenhouse Gas Molecules |
| title_fullStr | Magnetic <i>ε</i>-Phosphorene for Sensing Greenhouse Gas Molecules |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnetic <i>ε</i>-Phosphorene for Sensing Greenhouse Gas Molecules |
| title_short | Magnetic <i>ε</i>-Phosphorene for Sensing Greenhouse Gas Molecules |
| title_sort | magnetic i ε i phosphorene for sensing greenhouse gas molecules |
| topic | gas sensor toxic gases phosphorene 2D materials DFT calculations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/14/5402 |
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