Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis
Population studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have revealed no relationship between iron status and breast cancer, a weak positive association, or a small protective effect of low iron status. However, in those studies, the authors concluded that further investigation was merited. The se...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1652 |
| _version_ | 1827677277284990976 |
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| author | Henry J. Thompson Elizabeth S. Neil John N. McGinley |
| author_facet | Henry J. Thompson Elizabeth S. Neil John N. McGinley |
| author_sort | Henry J. Thompson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Population studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have revealed no relationship between iron status and breast cancer, a weak positive association, or a small protective effect of low iron status. However, in those studies, the authors concluded that further investigation was merited. The set of experiments reported here used preclinical models to assess the likely value of further investigation. The effects of iron status on the initiation and promotion stage of mammary carcinogenesis are reported. Using the classical model of cancer initiation in the mammary gland, 7,12 dimethyl-benz[α]anthracene-induced carcinogenesis was unaffected by iron status. Similarly, excess iron intake showed no effect on the promotion stage of 1-methyl-1-nitrosurea-induced mammary carcinogenesis, though iron deficiency exerted a specific inhibitory effect on the carcinogenic process. Though iron-mediated cellular oxidation is frequently cited as a potential mechanism for effects on breast cancer, no evidence of increased oxidative damage to DNA attributable to excess iron intake was found. The reported preclinical data fail to provide convincing evidence that the further evaluation of the iron–breast cancer risk hypotheses is warranted and underscore the value of redefining the referent group in population-based studies of iron–cancer hypotheses in other tissues. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:41:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f764a0cad5564b20b8c3ce54779732e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:41:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-f764a0cad5564b20b8c3ce54779732e12023-11-22T22:31:24ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-11-01911165210.3390/biomedicines9111652Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer HypothesisHenry J. Thompson0Elizabeth S. Neil1John N. McGinley2Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USACancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USACancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAPopulation studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have revealed no relationship between iron status and breast cancer, a weak positive association, or a small protective effect of low iron status. However, in those studies, the authors concluded that further investigation was merited. The set of experiments reported here used preclinical models to assess the likely value of further investigation. The effects of iron status on the initiation and promotion stage of mammary carcinogenesis are reported. Using the classical model of cancer initiation in the mammary gland, 7,12 dimethyl-benz[α]anthracene-induced carcinogenesis was unaffected by iron status. Similarly, excess iron intake showed no effect on the promotion stage of 1-methyl-1-nitrosurea-induced mammary carcinogenesis, though iron deficiency exerted a specific inhibitory effect on the carcinogenic process. Though iron-mediated cellular oxidation is frequently cited as a potential mechanism for effects on breast cancer, no evidence of increased oxidative damage to DNA attributable to excess iron intake was found. The reported preclinical data fail to provide convincing evidence that the further evaluation of the iron–breast cancer risk hypotheses is warranted and underscore the value of redefining the referent group in population-based studies of iron–cancer hypotheses in other tissues.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1652ironbreast canceroxidative damage |
| spellingShingle | Henry J. Thompson Elizabeth S. Neil John N. McGinley Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis Biomedicines iron breast cancer oxidative damage |
| title | Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis |
| title_full | Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis |
| title_fullStr | Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis |
| title_short | Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis |
| title_sort | pre clinical insights into the iron and breast cancer hypothesis |
| topic | iron breast cancer oxidative damage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1652 |
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